Element cycling in the dominant plant community in the Alpine tundra zone of Changbai Mountains, China

Element cycling in the dominant plant communities including Rh. aureum, Rh. redowskianum and Vaccinium uliginosum in the Alpine tundra zone of Changbai Mountains in northeast China was studied. The results indicate that the amount of elements from litter decomposition was less than that of the plant uptake from soil, but that from plant uptake was higher than that in soil with mineralization process released. On the other hand, in the open system including precipitation input and soil leaching output, because of great number of elements from precipitation into the open system, the element cycling(except N, P) in the Alpine tundra ecosystem was in a dynamic balance. In this study, it was also found that different organ of plants had significant difference in accumulating elements. Ca, Mg, P and N were accumulated more obviously in leaves, while Fe was in roots. The degree of concentration of elements in different tissues of the same organ of the plants also was different, a higher concentration of Ca, Mg, P and N in mesophyll than in nerve but Fe was in a reversed order. The phenomenon indicates ( 1 ) a variety of biochemical functions of different elements, (2) the elements in mesophyll were with a shorter turnover period than those in nerve or fibre, but higher utilization rate for plant. Therefore, this study implies the significance of keeping element dynamic balance in the alpine tundra ecosystem of Changbai Mountains.     

人类活动对生态系统服务功能的影响

生态系统服务功能是人类可持续发展的基础,但是人类在利用生态系统提供自然资源和生存环境两个方面的多种服务功能的同时,也在强烈影响生态系统的服务功能。除部分人类活动有利于生态系统服务功能的稳定与提高外,更多地则导致了一系列危及自身生存与发展的生态环境危机与灾难。目前,生态系统服务功能受到人类活动影响的后果已成为全球面临的日益突出的重大问题和人类社会共同关注的焦点,因而人类活动对生态系统服务功能的影响愈加受到人们的重视。论文介绍了生态系统服务功能的定义,阐述了生态系统服务功能的内涵,重点分析了人类活动影响生态系统服务功能的类型、人类活动对生态系统服务功能的影响及变化趋势。在此基础上,对尚待进一步研究的内容提出了建议。     

荒漠生态系统服务功能及其价值研究

荒漠生态系统是整个生物明中分布较广的一个系统,是陆地生态系统中的一个重要的子系统,对这一广大区域的生态系统服务功能的正确认识,是经济发展和生态环境建设的重要依据.本文从生态系统服务功能的角度归纳了荒漠生态系统类型以及荒漠生态系统服务功能,主要有旅游服务、涵养水分和水源、保持水土、净化水体和空气、营养元素循环、物质生产、污染物降解、有机质、截留降水、涵养水分、土壤C的积累、农田生态系统服务、单位面积及区域生态系统服务价值等,以及评价荒漠生态系统服务功能价值的模型和方法,为正确评价荒漠生态系统服务功能提供依据.     

黑龙江省松花江流域洪灾生态防治研究

在对黑龙江省松花江流域洪灾和生态环境现状调查基础上，分析了洪灾与生态环境破坏之间的相关因素，证明生态环境遭到破坏可加剧洪灾发生的频率与危害程度，对此提出了保护生态环境的具体措施。     

水生生态系统在污水处理中的应用

利用水生生态系统治理水体污染是污水处理领域的研究热点之一.综述了水生生态系统在处理污水中的应用现状,分析了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了水生生态系统处理废水的运行机理,展望了水生生态系统的发展前景.     

生态系统服务价值评估研究进展及其在环境保护中的意义

介绍了生态系统服务功能价值的国内外研究进展。对研究趋势进行了分析，并对开展生态价值评价在环境保护中的意义进行了分析。     

生态城市建设与城市超循环体系的构建

生态城市的设计、建设和评价,应从人、社会、自然3个层次和城市的结构、功能、协调和目标4个方面来进行定位,最终达到完善结构、提升功能、增进协调、城市优美和谐的目标。城市超循环体系是生态城市社会结构的重要组成部分,城市超循环体系的具有企业、产业、城市、区域4个基本层次,其循环体系、模式、功能和目标均各不相同。生态城市建设与城市超循环体系构建具有在理念上的一致性、结构和功能上的嵌套性、目标和发展机制上的同一性,在更深层次上表现为城市或国家整体中不同民族、不同宗教、多元文化的生态意识在生态理念方面的协调性。     

植物地上部分对大气CO2浓度升高的响应

大气CO2浓度升高对植物的影响，主要是促进了植物生长早期的光合作用，同时也增加了对其他资源的需求；植物的光合作用也存在对高CO2浓度的适应，不会一直维持较高的光合水平，而且植物的呼吸作用也可能会增加；大气CO2浓度升高和其他环境条件，如水分，温度和光照等对植物生长和产量存在相互作用，可以部分弥补条件的不足，也影响作物和杂草的竞争关系；自然植物群落由于有很高的多样性和复杂性，对其研究应该在生物群落水平上进行，用外推法回到植物水平，而不是相反，而且自然物种间的竞争是激烈的，CO2浓度升高或其他因素带来的任何改善，都会明显地改变竞争平衡。     

Evaluation of ecosystem health for regional development in the southwestern Beijing, China

Ecosystem health assessment is one of the most important issues in regional ecological quality and safety studies. It also has a great significance to ecological conservation and regional development. This study focused on assessing the health status of forest, agriculture and urban ecosystems in the southwestern Beijing, China, including the Fangshan and Fengtai Districts. Based on field surveys and data collection, an assessment index system containing the vigor, organization and resilience factors was developed to measure the ecosystem health. Each index was scored from 1 to 5, representing five levels that contribute to the whole ecosystem health. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to measure the weights of each index and three factors, and thus an overall score for a certain ecosystem was calculated. The results show that the forest ecosystem in the Fangshan District had higher health value than the Fengtai District, while the urban ecosystem had a slightly lower value in the Fangshan District than the Fengtai District. Both districts show lower resilience values in forest and urban ecosystems. Maintaining the ecosystem health will definitely benefit the long-term development of two districts. This study suggested that an approach for assessing the regional ecosystem health could be further developed to address spatial and synergy relationships between ecosystems and the three health factors.     

北京市城市生态系统健康评价

文章从城市生态系统健康的内涵出发,在总结城市生态系统健康评价研究进展的基础上,运用模糊数学评价法对2001～2005年北京市城市生态系统健康进行定量诊断分析。结果表明,近5a来,北京市城市生态系统健康状况逐年提高,但尚未达到健康的理想水平,未来还有很大的发展空间。城市生态系统健康状况各要素中恢复力、生态系统服务功能、人群健康状况为优势要素,活力和组织结构是胁迫城市健康发展的不利因素。在此基础上提出改善城市生态系统健康状况的对策和措施。