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11.
单甲脒农药对鱼脑胆碱酯酶活性的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
金鱼,鲤鱼在实验室驯化4-7d,其脑胆碱酯酶活力在显著水平为P≤0.05时,不同组的金鱼,鲤鱼无显著差异。离体实验条件下,单甲脒农药对金鱼,鲤鱼的半抑制浓度分别为125.9mg.l^-1和25.7mg.l^-1。DMA农药对鲤鱼的作用大于对金鱼的作用。  相似文献   
12.
为摸清稻菜轮作土壤中农药(CUPs)残留特征与生态风险,采集海南岛南渡江流域稻菜轮作系统168个土壤样品,利用QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测土壤中25种CUPs残留水平,结合土壤因子与作物类型分析CUPs残留关键影响因素,以风险熵法评估其生态风险.结果表明,∑25 CUPs处于0...  相似文献   
13.
乙草胺对小麦生理机能的影响与生物标记物识别   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
晁雷  周启星  陈苏  崔爽 《环境科学》2007,28(4):866-871
对乙草胺胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)以及叶片中叶绿素含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明,乙草胺处理小麦幼苗1 d后,叶片MDA含量显著增加,说明了乙草胺处理诱导有毒活性氧(AOS)生成,但随着处理时间的延长,不同浓度处理与对照的差异逐渐减小.对小麦叶片中POD活性变化的研究表明,在乙草胺胁迫的开始阶段,植物有能力抵抗低浓度乙草胺污染所产生的氧化胁迫,但是,随着暴露时间的延长和污染物浓度的增加,这种抵抗能力将会消失.对小麦SOD活性的研究表明,小麦叶片中POD酶活的上升可能与其它途径而不是SOD诱导产生的H2O2有关.小麦叶片中MDA含量和POD活性不能作为土壤乙草胺污染的生物标记物.小麦叶片中SOD酶活性有着作为乙草胺污染土壤生物标记物的潜力,但还需要进一步研究.小麦叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量可以作为乙草胺污染胁迫的生物标记物,并且小麦幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量与土壤乙草胺浓度之间具有较好的剂量-效应关系.  相似文献   
14.
近年来,随着国民经济的快速发展,重金属以其特有的性质而被大量的应用于生产生活当中,同时也由于各种原因造成了水体重金属污染现象。水体重金属污染不仅对水生生物的生长和繁殖造成了严重的威胁,同时也威胁到人类的健康。因此,重金属污染具有潜在的生态与健康风险。本文主要概括介绍了重金属对水生植物、动物、微生物的生态毒理效应以及水生生物对重金属的各种耐受机制,展望了重金属对水生生物生态毒理效应的未来研究重点和方向。  相似文献   
15.
As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with di use pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locallyoccurring species are needed to assess the e ects of di use pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk assessment of di use pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that di use pollution induced on Thai environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful alternative test species to Folsomia candida (international test species) for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition, the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition technique are also good tools to assess the e ects of di use pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand.  相似文献   
16.
PFOS/PFOA环境污染行为与毒性效应及机理研究进展   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
周启星  胡献刚 《环境科学》2007,28(10):2153-2162
全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一类新型的持久性有机污染物(POPs),近年来发现在环境系统中日益广泛分布,并在生物体内蓄积或发生致毒效应.本文首先从PFOS/PFOA在环境中的污染及其水平、在野生动物体内的暴露、对人体的暴露以及污染与暴露变化趋势等4个方面,分析了PFOS/PFOA最新的环境污染与生物暴露情况;从PFOS/PFOA在大气环境中的转运转化过程、在污水污泥中转运转化过程以及在生物体内的蓄积、代谢转化与降解过程等3个方面,阐述了PFOS/PFOA在环境中的迁移转化行为;还概述了最近几年在PFOS/PFOA所导致的生态效应及其可能的机理研究进展.最后,尝试性地提出了今后在PFOS/PFOA污染生态学方面的研究重点.  相似文献   
17.
张莉  韩娟  刘标 《生态毒理学报》2018,13(3):122-128
随着抗虫和耐草甘膦除草剂转基因玉米的迅速推广和种植,其环境安全性也越来越成为人们关注的焦点。为探讨抗虫耐除草剂转基因玉米C0030.3.5(外源基因cry1Ab和epsps)对水生动物环境的安全性,以模式生物大型蚤(Daphnia magna)为指示生物,分别使用1.5 g·L~(-1)C0030.3.5玉米粉和其非转基因对照DBN318玉米粉饲喂大型蚤28 d,探讨C0030.3.5玉米对大型蚤生长和繁殖的影响。结果显示,C0030.3.5玉米粉组大型蚤与亲本DBN318组大型蚤相比,体长、存活率、新生幼蚤总数等没有显著性差异(P0.05)。28 d饲喂实验结果表明,抗虫耐除草剂玉米C0030.3.5没有对大型蚤生长和繁殖产生不良影响。上述研究结果为转基因玉米的商业化种植和安全管理提供科学数据。  相似文献   
18.
Distribution (seasonal and spatial) of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Chitrapuzha River, Cochin, India, was investigated using gas chromatography. Significantly high concentrations prevailed during the pre-monsoon season with the industrial zones of the river appearing to be hot spots with particularly elevated levels of the hydrocarbons. AHCs ranged between 7754 and 41,173?ng/g with an average of 25,256?ng/g, while total PAHs varied from 5046 to 33,087?ng/g. n-Alkane indices and PAH diagnostic ratios point to petroleum contamination in the sediments. The significance of PAHs in the sediments was explored using universally accepted interpretation tools. Observed levels of PAHs in sediments of Chitrapuzha are likely to cause adverse effects on biota.  相似文献   
19.
海水水质基准是制定相关海水水质标准的科学依据.论文概要介绍了美国、欧盟和荷兰等发达国家的海水水质基准研究方法体系,给出了关键计算模式、数据要求和定值方法.结合当前我国在海水水质基准研究方面的现状,借鉴国外水质基准研究经验,对我国海水水质基准的研究方法提出了构想,以期为我国开展海水水质基准的研究提供新思路.  相似文献   
20.
A study on variable charge soils (volcanic Italian and podzolic Scottish soils) was performed to investigate the influence of soil properties on the chemical composition of soil solution. Zinc speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in the soil solution were examined. The soils were spiked with increasing amounts of Zn (0, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg) and the soil solutions were extracted using rhizon soil moisture samplers. The pH, total organic carbon (TOC), base cations, anions, total Zn and free Zn2+ in soil solution were analysed. A rapid bioassay with the luminescent bacterium Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607 was performed to assess Zn toxicity. The influence of soil type and Zn treatments on the chemical composition of soil solution and on Zn toxicity was considered and discussed. Di erent trends of total and free Zn concentrations, base cations desorption and luminescence of E. coli HB101 pUCD607 were observed. The soil solution extracted from the volcanic soils had very low total and free Zn concentrations and showed specific Zn2+/Ca2+ exchange. The soil solution from the podzolic soil had much higher total and free Zn concentrations and showed no evidence of specific Zn2+/Ca2+ exchange. In comparison with the subalkaline volcanic soils, the acidic podzol showed enhanced levels of toxic free Zn2+ and consequently stronger effects on E. coli viability.  相似文献   
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