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941.
942.
磷酸缓冲液预处理对高温胁迫下油菜叶片膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高温胁迫下,油菜叶片细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加;抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白质总量及热稳定性蛋白质所占比例与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降;酸缓冲液预处理可维持较高的保护酶活性、抗氧化物质含量和较低的膜脂过氧化水平. 相似文献
943.
将MS+ρ(2,4D)0.5mg·L-1+ρ(BA)10mg·L-1培养基的Mn2+浓度提高20倍时可使绞胶蓝愈伤组织培养物的皂甙产率增加91%,而提高Cu2+浓度对皂甙积累的影响不显著;培养基中加入680mmol·L-1的甘露醇可使皂甙产率提高83%,但加入NaCl则会降低皂甙产量;适当浓度的米曲霉和根霉提取物可使皂甙产率分别提高97%和42%.由TLC图谱可见,绞股蓝愈伤组织中的皂甙组成与原植物相似,但出现一个新组分;原个别组分在不同的胁迫条件下有差别地消失. 相似文献
944.
Kenow KP Hoffman DJ Hines RK Meyer MW Bickham JW Matson CW Stebbins KR Montagna P Elfessi A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):732-738
We quantified the level of dietary mercury (Hg), delivered as methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl), associated with negative effects on organ and plasma biochemistries related to glutathione (GSH) metabolism and oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks reared from hatch to 105 days. Mercury-associated effects related to oxidative stress and altered glutathione metabolism occurred at 1.2 μg Hg/g and 0.4 μg Hg/g, an ecologically relevant dietary mercury level, but not at 0.08 μg Hg/g. Among the variables that contributed most to dissimilarities in tissue chemistries between control and treatment groups were increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH peroxidase, and the ratio of GSSG to GSH in brain tissue; increased levels of hepatic GSH; and decreased levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). Our results also suggest that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant dietary Hg levels did not result in statistically significant somatic chromosomal damage in common loon chicks. 相似文献
945.
Bidar G Pruvot C Garçon G Verdin A Shirali P Douay F 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(1):42-53
Background, aim, and scope The reclamation of nonferrous metal-polluted soil by phytoremediation requires an overall and permanent plant cover. To select
the most suitable plant species, it is necessary to study metal effects on plants over the time, thereby checking that metals
remain stored in root systems and not transferred to aerial parts. In this purpose, the seasonal and annual variations of
metal bioaccumulation, transfer, and phytotoxicity in Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne grown in a Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soil were also studied.
Materials and methods The experimental site was located near a closed smelter. In spring 2004, two areas were sown with T. repens and L. perenne, respectively. Thereafter, the samplings of plant roots and shoots and surrounding soils were realized in autumn 2004 and
spring and autumn 2005. The soil agronomic characteristics, the Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the surrounded soils and
plant organs, as well as the oxidative alterations (superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
[8-OHdG]) in plant organs were carried out.
Results Whatever the sampling period, metal concentrations in soils and plants were higher than background values. Contrary to the
soils, the fluctuations of metal concentrations were observed in plant organs over the time. Bioaccumulation and transfer
factors confirmed that metals were preferentially accumulated in the roots as follows: Cd>Zn>Pb, and their transfer to shoots
was limited. Foliar metal deposition was also observed. The results showed that there were seasonal and annual variations
of metal accumulation in the two studied plant species. These variations differed according to the organs and followed nearly
the same pattern for the two species. Oxidative alterations were observed in plant organs with regard to SOD antioxidant activities,
MDA, and 8-OHdG concentrations. These alterations vary according to the temporal variations of metal concentrations.
Discussion Metal concentrations in surrounded soils and plant organs showed the effective contamination by industrial dust emissions.
Metals absorbed by plants were mainly stored in the roots. With regard to this storage, the plants seemed to limit the metal
transfer to their aerial parts over the time, thereby indicating their availability for metal phytostabilization. Aerial deposition
was another source of plant exposure to nonferrous metals. Despite the occurrence of metal-induced oxidative alterations in
plant organs, both plant species seemed to tolerate a high metal concentration in soils.
Conclusions Taken together, these results indicated that T. repens and L. perenne were able to form a plant cover on highly Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-polluted soils, to limit the metal transfer to their aerial parts
and were relatively metal-tolerant. All these characteristics made them suitable for phytostabilization on metal-contaminated
soils. These findings also highlighted the necessity to take into account seasonal and annual variations for a future phytomanagement.
Recommendations and perspectives In this work, the behavior of plant species grown in metal-polluted soil has been studied during 2 years. Obviously, this
time is too short to ensure that metals remain accumulated in the root system and few are transferred in aerial parts over
the time. It is why regular monitoring should be achieved during more than a decade after the settlement of the plant cover.
This work will be completed by the study of the T. repens and L. perenne effects on mobility of metals in order to evaluate the quantities of pollutants which could be absorbed by the biota and
transferred to groundwater. Bioaccessibility tests could be also realized on polluted soils in order to evaluate the phytostabilization
impacts on the exposition risks for humans. 相似文献
946.
香根草等三种植物的抗盐性比较 总被引:31,自引:2,他引:29
盐度对香根草、百喜草和水花生3种草本植物生长发育的影响相当明显.植物体,尤其是茎叶内的Na^+和Cl^-直接影响到植物的株高、分蘖数、叶面积、根长等生长指标,进而影响到生物量;但在盐胁迫下,生物量的下降幅度不及上述4个指标的降幅大,根系生物量的降幅又不及茎叶的降幅。叶片光合色素亦受Na^+或Cl^-的影响。在盐度不高时,色素含量增加,盐度较高时,色素含量下降,但它的幅度远不及生物量的下降幅度大。 相似文献
947.
环境载荷与环境压强:环境压力指标及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一个国家的经济活动产生的环境压力与其具有的环境承载能力。决定了该国社会与经济发展的可持续状况。因此.测度环境压力和承载力是制定可持续发展目标和政策的必要条件之一。基于国家尺度的社会代谢物质流、地理面积和生态承载面积。可以构建出一个国家本国环境所承受的环境压力总量指标体系——环境载荷和环境压强;德国、荷兰、奥地利、日本和美国等五个工业国家的环境载荷和各环境压强总量指标若干年的实证计算和对比分析。可以发现.虽然美国的国内环境总载荷、人均物质总需求及人均生态足迹赤字等均是各国最高者.其环境压强却处于五国的最低端。与奥地利相近;以环境压强指标测度。除日本不明显外.其余四国的经济发展与本国环境压力之间在研究期(1975—1996)均显示出“脱钩”关系.即本国环境压强并没有随经济总量的增长而增加。为此.最后就环境问题的公平性和环境压力指标的优缺点进行简要讨论。 相似文献
948.
Nicole Pacini Antonia Concetta Elia Maria Cesarina Abete Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr Paola Brizio Laura Gasco Marzia Righetti Marino Prearo 《Chemosphere》2013
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selenium on concentrations of metabolites and enzyme activities acting as antioxidant markers in liver and kidney of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri. Sturgeons were fed selenium cysteine for 30 and 60 d at 1.25, 5, 20 mg Se kg−1. Selenium level in the control feed was 0.32 mg kg−1. Se concentration was measured in liver, kidney and muscle of every specimen. Sturgeon accumulated Se in tissues with a clear dose-response relationship and the highest Se concentration was recorded in liver. This outcome is lined up with the findings obtained on the antioxidant markers evaluated in both tissues, and in which a dose-response for several biomarkers was recorded in liver. The superoxide dismutase activity in Se-treated fish was generally induced, while catalase activity was lower in liver or unaltered in kidney. The concentrations of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione responded differently for both tissues and were induced in a different way at both endpoints. No changes of glyoxalase I activity were noted for both Se-treated tissues, while for glyoxalase II enzyme in liver a dose-related pattern was found showing a reversible effect (decreased and increased counteractive response) only in the 5 mg kg−1 group. Moreover, the highest Se concentrations did not cause marked changes in malondialdehyde levels of liver and kidney. The enhancement of glutathione peroxidase activity in Se-treated sturgeon might have prevented the lipid peroxidation in both tissues, providing to the Siberian sturgeon a great defense ability versus the prooxidant effect of selenium. 相似文献
949.
Vicent Calatayud Francisco Marco Gerardo Sánchez-Peña 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(12):3580-3587
Plant responses to enhanced ozone levels have been studied in two pairs of evergreen-deciduous species (Pistacia terebinthus vs. P. lentiscus; Viburnum lantana vs. V. tinus) in Open Top Chambers. Ozone induced widespread visible injury, significantly reduced CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance (gs), impaired Rubisco efficiency and regeneration capacity (Vc,max,Jmax) and altered fluorescence parameters only in the deciduous species. Differences in stomatal conductance could not explain the observed differences in sensitivity. In control plants, deciduous species showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than their evergreen counterparts, suggesting metabolic differences that could make them more prone to redox imbalances. Ozone induced increases in SOD and/or peroxidase activities in all the species, but only evergreens were able to cope with the oxidative stress. The relevancy of these results for the effective ozone flux approach and for the current ozone Critical Levels is also discussed. 相似文献
950.
Katre Kets Joseph N.T. Darbah Johanna Riikonen David F. Karnosky 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(4):1000-1007
The diurnal changes in light-saturated photosynthesis (Pn) under elevated CO2 and/or O3 in relation to stomatal conductance (gs), water potential, intercellular [CO2], leaf temperature and vapour-pressure difference between leaf and air (VPDL) were studied at the Aspen FACE site. Two aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones differing in their sensitivity to ozone were measured. The depression in Pn was found after 10:00 h. The midday decline in Pn corresponded with both decreased gs and decreased Rubisco carboxylation efficiency, Vcmax. As a result of increasing VPDL, gs decreased. Elevated [CO2] resulted in more pronounced midday decline in Pn compared to ambient concentrations. Moreover, this decline was more pronounced under combined treatment compared to elevated CO2 treatment.The positive impact of CO2 on Pn was relatively more pronounced in days with environmental stress but relatively less pronounced during midday depression. The negative impact of ozone tended to decrease in both cases. 相似文献