Use of the chemical cleavage of mismatch method for prenatal deficiency diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin

The most common mutation in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, conversion of a G to an A at base 9989 (PI-Z), was detected with the chemical cleavage of mismatch method, demonstrating the power of the method for prenatal diagnosis. Exon V of the gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and heteroduplexes were formed to test for the presence of the mutation. The predicted C mismatch was readily detectable with hydroxylamine, and by making the probe from the chorionic villus sample it was possible to determine that the fetus was heterozygous, not homozygous, for the mutation.     

利用改进的模糊综合评判法综合评价环境质量

本文引入灰色系统理论关联度的概念,提出了一种改进的模糊综合评判法,并用于环境质量综合评价之中,经实例分析表明,评价结果较为客观、合理。     

论我国磷业发展战略

我国磷矿资源丰富,但长期以来缺乏磷业发展战略部署,磷矿山建设缓慢,磷肥供应不足,造成氮、磷、钾施肥比例失调,全国有2/3的耕地缺磷,其中半数严重缺磷,农业上出现了“报酬递减”现象。本文在分析我国磷业发展概况的基础上进行了磷矿与磷肥需求预测,根据我国农业及磷矿资源分布与有关开发建设条件等,提出了我国磷业发展战略与宏观生产布局,论证了发展磷业应立足国内、以国民经济总体部署为准则、建立4个大型综合性磷业基地、以资源型布点为主,辅以混合型、临海型和消费型布点等磷业发展战略中的重大问题,并提出了发展我国TS形双结构磷业网络的思想。     

试论国家自然保护地图集的编制——以中国自然保护地图集为例

本文从自然保护角度论述了编制自然保护地图集的意义和用途,指出了自然保护地图集是专门表示保护可更新自然资源的综合性地图集,并以中国自然保护地图集为例,探讨了用地图这一研究手段和工具来推动国家自然保护事业的发展。     

BOD微生物传感器的研究

本实验从活性污泥中分离筛选出一株对广泛底物具有外源呼吸的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.A_4)。用该种菌株制成的BOD微生物传感器可在15min内完成一个样品BOD的测定。该法与传统方法有较好的相关性,可连续使用六周以上。     

The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome: Prenatal detection based on impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens

Prenatal diagnosis of the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome has been performed in 10 pregnancies at risk by measuring both the activity of acyl CoA: dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis, either in cultured amniotic fluid cells or in fibroblasts cultured from a chorionic villus biopsy. In 7 of the pregnancies both tests indicated no abnormality. All 7 continued to term and normal infants were delivered. However, in amniotic fluid cells from 2 fetuses affected by Zellweger syndrome unequivocal differences from control values were found. The activity of DHAP-AT was clearly deficient and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis was impaired. In one pregnancy at risk prenatal diagnosis was performed during the first trimester by measuring both the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis in fibroblasts cultured from a chorionic villi biopsy. From the deficient DHAP-AT activity and the impaired de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis it was concluded that the fetus was affected. This was confirmed biochemically after induced abortion. It can be concluded that measurement of the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis provides convenient methods for the early prenatal detection of Zellweger syndrome.     

论民国时期河南灾荒的社会成因

民国年间河南灾荒现象异常突出，虽与当时整体气候背景及河南特殊的地理特征相关，但灾荒背后的社会原因更应引起我们的关注。其主要表现为：一、社会经济乏力，百姓抗灾能力低；二、政治腐败，体现在政府的赋税名目繁多、政府官员失职渎职以及挪用、贪污河防公款等几个方面；三、战争与灾荒；四、帝国主义列强对中国的残酷掠夺。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

美国环保超级基金制度的实施及问题

对美国环保超级基金制度作了简要的介绍,指出了其实施过程中的成功与不足,以期为我国环境法制的完善提供有益的借鉴.     

摩托车后挡泥板冲孔模

分析了摩托车后挡泥板的冲孔工艺,着重介绍了摩托车后挡泥板冲孔模的结构。该模具布局合理,结构紧凑,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,从而降低了摩托车的造价,提高了摩托车的市场竞争力。