干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评价——以石羊河流域为例

论文以干旱区内陆河石羊河流域为研究区,选取坡度、 坡向、 地形起伏度、 植被指数、 水文、 气候、 交通等因子作为评价指标,建立了人居环境指数(HEI),利用GIS的叠置分析、 缓冲区分析、 密度分析等空间分析技术对石羊河流域人居环境适宜性进行了定量综合评价分析。评价结果表明,石羊河流域人居环境指数介于17.13~84.32之间,整体分布格局为:从西南方向到东北方向适宜性依次降低,适宜、 较适宜居住区主要分布在中游和中下游地区,不适宜人类居住区占研究区面积的比例很大。石羊河流域人居环境适宜区主要以带状和斑块状分布在石羊河各支流周围,其他区域只有零星分布,与流域内居民点分布的空间格局相吻合。石羊河流域人居环境状况与人口密度呈对数关系,确定系数达到0.851 2,与经济发展水平呈现较明显的正相关性,人居环境评价值与单位面积GDP确定系数达到0.845 4,与道路网密度关系不显著,受道路制约程度较小。一些居民点分布在人居环境恶劣区域,一些村镇分布在靠近沙漠区域内,地形复杂,气候多变,水资源短缺,经济发展滞后,结合新农村建设规划和当地土地利用规划,这部分村落需要异地搬迁以便改善人居环境状况。     

长江三角洲旅游景区布局适宜性评价

论文从影响因素出发,以长江三角洲为例,构建旅游景区布局适宜性评价体系,从城镇依托度、交通优势度、社会支撑度和现有景区影响度四个方面来综合评价长江三角洲旅游景区布局适宜性。分析结果表明,城镇依托度呈现出以市级城市为中心的圈层分布结构;交通优势度呈现出以机场为中心的圈层分布结构;社会支撑分值总体上呈现出以太湖为核心的圈层结构;现有景区影响度数值较高的地区主要分布在长江以北地区,并零星分布在长江南岸,总体上呈现内低外高的格局。高适宜性区域主要分布在两大片区,一个是长江两岸地区,另一个是杭州湾两岸地区。低适宜性区域主要分布在长江三角洲边缘地区,特别是西南和南部边缘地区,以及舟山群岛地区。     

Application of analytical hierarchy process and geographic information systems in land-use suitability evaluation: a case study of Dümrek village (Çanakkale,Turkey)

This study used both analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information systems (GIS) to make a land-use suitability analysis for the village of Dümrek, NW Turkey. Primarily, alternative land uses for agriculture, meadow–pasture and forest were determined along with criteria for these alternatives and a hierarchical structure was produced and used to determine the weights of the criteria. Spatial data were identified by means of GIS and calculations were made using the suitability values specified and weights obtained from AHP. Suitability maps were then produced for the above land use alternatives. Subsequently, a synthesized suitability map was formed from these maps. According to the weights specified by AHP, the order of land use preferences among the alternatives for rural development of Dümrek was agriculture, forest and meadow. The synthesized suitability map showed that the areas allocated for forest and agriculture were close to the present ratios of use; however, meadow land, which does not exist at present, should be allocated as a land use to constitute 12.5% of the study area. Achieving sustainability in land use is possible by planners and administrators considering results obtained from land suitability mapping studies at the stage of allocating land uses. The method applied in this research is considered useful when taking policy decisions covering the evaluation of rural land use, particularly for subunits of the state administration.     

生态适宜度评价在工业区规划和环评中的应用

以某大型工业开发区为研究对象,在生态调查的基础上建立三级生态适宜度评价指标体系,采用多因子组合对土地利用进行评价,并借助地理信息系统技术将评价结果和图形叠置,实现了工业开发区土地利用生态适宜度评价的定量化,为工业开发区的环境保护规划和环境影响评价提供决策依据。     

Predicting barrier passage and habitat suitability for migratory fish species

Fish migrate to spawn, feed, seek refuge from predators, and escape harmful environmental conditions. The success of upstream migration is limited by the presence of barriers that can impede the passage of fish. We used a spatially explicit modeling strategy to examine the effects of barriers on passage for 21 native and non-native migratory fish species and the amount of suitable habitat blocked for each species. Spatially derived physical parameter estimates and literature based fish capabilities and tolerances were used to predict fish passage success and habitat suitability. Both the fish passage and the habitat suitability models accurately predicted fish presence above barriers for most common, non-stocked species. The fish passage model predicted that barriers greater than or equal to 6 m block all migratory species. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was expected to be blocked the least. The habitat suitability model predicted that low gradient streams with intact habitat quality were likely to support the highest number of fish species. The fish passage and habitat suitability models were intended to be used by environmental managers as strategy development tools to prioritize candidate dams for field assessment and make decisions regarding the management of migratory fish populations.     

Landscape disturbance caused by non-renewable energy production in a semi-arid region: a case study on the Russian steppe

Exploration and development of oil and gas (O&G) energy resources can create large-scale and permanent landscape effects that are best measured and understood via fieldwork and geospatial technologies. In this article, we examine O&G surface disturbance in the Orenburg steppe region of southwestern Russia for the year 2015. Utilizing field surveys, remote-sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, we apply a two-pronged approach. First, we map and measure the landscape infrastructure footprint (LIF) to determine the pattern and extent of direct surface disturbance created by O&G facilities and access roads. Second, we conduct a site suitability analysis to identify specific O&G production locations that are most vulnerable to environmental degradation. The approach considers both the particular properties of hydrocarbon production and specific natural features of steppe zones. Suitability patterns represent three indicators: two morphometric parameters (slope and aspect) and one spatial (the remoteness of O&G objects from water bodies). Our findings suggest that O&G production disturbs just over 3% of soil-vegetation cover in our study plot, while more than 13% of O&G objects are located in unsuitable zones based on topographic aspect, and about 11% lie in unsuitable zones regarding distance to water.     

太子河流域大型底栖动物栖境适宜性

应用加权平均法和无度量多维标定(NMS)法,检测到影响太子河流域大型底栖动物空间分布最重要的栖境因子依次为底质、流速和水深. 对太子河流域大型底栖动物主要优势类群的栖境适宜度进行研究,结果表明:不同物种对生境表现出明显的趋异性,多数物种喜栖息在粗糙卵石底质的生境; 大型底栖动物的流速偏好性与其摄食方式、生活型和形体结构相关,对水深的偏好性差异较小. 对该流域主要优势种热水四节蜉(Baetis thermicus)的栖境适宜性研究表明,热水四节蜉偏好小卵石底质,最适流速为0.4 m/s,最适水深为0.2 m. 栖境适宜度指数的预测模型显示,热水四节蜉个体数在多数采样点的实测值小于预测值,表明除栖境指标外,其他的环境要素亦对该种的分布有重要影响.      

基于生境适宜度的成都震后大熊猫生境评价

通过分析大熊猫生境适宜度指标,评价“5\512汶川大地震”对成都地震灾区大熊猫生境的影响并提出恢复措施. 结合大熊猫生境的物理环境、生物环境和压力三方面因素建立评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,并利用GIS空间叠加分析对大熊猫生境适宜度进行综合评价,将结果分为最适宜、适宜、较不适宜和不适宜4种类型. 对比地震前后大熊猫生境适宜度变化显示:震后大熊猫生境的景观破碎化程度明显增加,生态廊道受到不同程度的破坏,大熊猫适宜生境面积减少,其中,彭州市龙门山镇变化最大,适宜生境减少2 729.5 hm2;其次为都江堰市虹口乡、龙池镇与彭州市小鱼洞镇,其适宜生境分别减少1 760.4,303.5和241.1 hm2. 针对研究结果,提出恢复重建的优先次序以及需要生态修复的重点区域,给出优先采取工程和生物措施,并辅助以自然恢复的修复手段.      

基于空间数据的土地抗震适宜性综合评价模型研究

对城市系统进行抗震减灾的前提,应为识别土地这一特殊的承灾体(同时又为整个城市系统的共同承载体)所潜在的地震灾害的风险,即为以地震危险性为输入,结合土地的基本属性,进行土地抗震适宜性评价。在界定土地抗震适宜性评价的定义、作用、以及范畴的基础上,研究基于空间数据的土地抗震适宜性综合评价模型。该模型综合考虑了地震危险性、液化态势、土地等效剪切波速和地面稳定性因素。     

Incorporating GIS and MCE for Suitability Assessment Modelling of Coral Reef Resources

Assessment, planning and management for coral reef ecosystems are particularly challenging tasks, especially in developing countries. In this study, a methodological approach which integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) for the development of suitability assessment models for a variety of uses of coral reef resources is discussed. Such an approach is sustained by an extensive use of local expert knowledge coded in the form of automated decision trees (DTs). The usefulness of the approach and the models developed is demonstrated by their application to the participatory assessment and resources planning at “Alacranes Reef National Park” (ARNP), Yucatán, México. Overlaying of resulting suitability maps was also applied for identifying potential conflicting areas.