Association between plant species diversity and edaphic factors in the lower reaches of the Heihe River,northwestern China

The lower reaches of the Heihe River, in northwestern China, is characterised by unique local edaphic conditions that have influenced the development of local desert riparian forests. This study examines the variations in spatial variation patterns to reveal the relationships between plant species diversity and soil moisture/salinity/texture gradients at different soil depths, providing insights into the management and restoration of vegetation in ecosystems in the study area. The species–environmental relationships are investigated by redundancy analysis based on the plant species diversity matrix and the edaphic gradient matrix. A survey of 61 sampling plots identified 37 plant species in the study area. The distribution pattern of the plant species diversity are mainly affected by soil moisture, soil salinity, and soil texture at different soil depths. These edaphic factors are able to explain 98.47% of the total variation in the analysed vegetation dataset. Soil moisture, salinity, and texture content vary in terms of both the soil depths and the vegetation types in the study area. The plant community Class IV, xeric shrub, has the lowest soil water content among different vegetation types. The surface soil salinity differs for different plants and follows the order: Sophora alopecurides?>?Tamarix chinensis?>?Populus euphratica.     

京津冀地区道路碳排放量的演变及空间分布

以机动车碳排放模型为基础,结合不同类型机动车存活曲线,建立分车龄的车队构成,并利用年均行驶里程和燃油消耗量,分析了京津冀地区2005～2020年道路碳排放量的演变及区域分布特征.结果显示,河北省道路碳排放量增长迅速,近5a仍以7.14%的年均增长率快速增长,而北京和天津两市的道路碳排放已经进入低速增长期,近5a的年均增长率分别仅为1.01%和2.27%.小型客车一直都是道路碳排放的主力车型,其碳排放量占京津冀道路碳排放总量50%以上;轻型货车在北京市道路碳排放中的贡献越来越突出,而河北和天津两地轻型和重型货车正在逐渐发展为道路碳排放增长的主要驱动因素.从京津冀道路碳排放的4km×4km网格分布图可知,因北京和天津拥有更密集的道路,其碳排放强度远高于河北省.     

湖北省鹤峰县城区滑坡地质灾害风险评价

从地质环境条件出发,对湖北省鹤峰县城区15处地质灾害及隐患点(其中滑坡13处,崩塌2处)的发育分布特征进行论述,总结了研究区地质灾害的孕灾规律;基于孕灾影响因子,依托信息量法对鹤峰县城区滑坡地质灾害易发性进行分区,考虑滑坡规模大小超越概率、时间概率、空间概率,对研究区域分别进行了10 a、20 a、50 a和100 a...     

焙烧温度对ZnSn水滑石结构及光催化性能的影响

采用共沉淀和热处理法合成了一系列ZnSn-LDHs/MMO光催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)、紫外漫反射(UV-Vis-DRS)、光致发光光谱(PL)和电化学阻抗(EIS)等技术对其进行表征,并以甲基橙(MO)为降解物,考察其光催化性能.结果表明,ZnSn-LDHs在焙烧温度...     

基于生物可利用性的砷污染土壤修复目标值研究

采用IVG(In Vitro Gastrointestinal)和UBM(Unified BARGE Method)两种体外试验方法,研究了湖北省某一砷污染地块的潮土中,砷在不同浓度梯度和深度梯度下的生物可利用性.结果表明,砷在胃相中的生物可利用性为4.50%～26.41%,在小肠中的生物可利用性为3.95%～22.39%.同时,采用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析方法探究了人体胃肠可吸收砷的可能来源,发现人体胃肠可吸收利用的砷与土壤中非专性吸附态、专性吸附态、无定形和弱结晶铁铝氧化物结合态砷有显著相关性.通过构建土壤中砷生物可给态浓度的多元线性回归方程,发现土壤pH、总砷含量及砂粒含量是砷生物可给态浓度的主要预测因子.将概率累积分析法获取的地块土壤砷背景浓度上限值与湖北省土壤背景值、GB36600中附录A中潮土砷的背景值进行比较,推导出该地块基于生物可利用性的土壤砷背景浓度上限值为113 mg·kg^-1,结合该地块今后规划为生态保护绿地,可将土壤砷背景浓度上限值作为地块修复目标值制定的参考,在一定程度上可以避免修复目标值过严导致修复成本过高的问题.     

植物13C标记对生物质炭理化性质的影响

研究了未标记和¹³C脉冲标记的水稻和杨树在不同温度下制备得到的生物质炭理化性质的差异.以水稻和杨树为原料,进行¹³C脉冲标记,分别在300℃和500℃下裂解,得到8种不同的生物质炭,即300℃和500℃未标记水稻生物质炭、300℃和500℃¹³C标记水稻生物质炭、300℃和500℃未标记杨树生物质炭及300℃和500℃¹³C标记杨树生物质炭,分析植物¹³C标记、裂解温度和原料对生物质炭主要理化性质的影响.结果表明,植物¹³C标记后,制备得到的生物质炭TC含量降低,固定碳含量增加,水稻生物质炭的NO₃^--N含量增加.随着裂解温度从300℃升高到500℃,¹³C标记生物质炭的灰分、pH、固定碳含量增加,DOC、TN和NH₄⁺-N含量减少,C/N有所增加.三因素方差分析表明,制备原料是影响生物质炭的灰分、TC和固定碳含量的最重要因素,对变异的解释程度分别...     

一种新型油井管材机械及防腐性能研究

目的 重点评价一种新型油井管钢材00Cr9材质的拉伸强度、冲击韧性、硬度及螺纹连接等力学性能和防腐性能,为该新材质的使用条件提供理论依据.方法 力学性能方面,根据GB/T 228—2002《金属材料室温拉伸试验方法 》对00Cr9-110钢级的材料试样(2个)进行抗拉强度、屈服强度标准测试,参考API SPEC 5CT...     

Waste high impact polystyrene (HIPS) microfiltration membranes for water treatment: A thorough experimental study

In our previous work, the prepared high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) membranes, synthesized using four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of waste HIPS, were proved to be promising for water purification by microfiltration process (MF). However, the fabricated membranes' mechanical properties and microfiltration process parameters were not investigated. Consequently, in this study, various parameters affecting the previously fabricated membranes' performance in the filtration process, such as membrane mechanical properties, feeding pressure, fouling behavior, and polymer concentration, were thoroughly investigated. With increasing polystyrene concentrations, the ultimate tensile strength of the fabricated membranes increased. When the concentration was increased from 20 to 25 wt percent, the elongation at break rose, but as the concentration was increased further, the membrane became brittle. Permeate flux and rejection both declined as polymer content was raised. Accordingly, the highest flux and humic acid (HA) rejection were shown by 20 wt% (14.18 L/m²h (LMH) and 98.95%, respectively). The antifouling properties declined when the polymer concentration was raised, and 20 wt% had the lowest total fouling resistance. Furthermore, the permeate flux was reduced while increasing the HA initial concentration.     

“十二五”以来中国应对气候变化政策和行动评述

基于广泛系统的文献梳理和总结,凝练了“十二五”以来中国应对气候变化政策和行动的现状、特点及成效,并提出针对性建议。主要结论包括:从外部环境看,国际形势对中国应对气候变化事业的推动作用呈现递减态势,之前“以外促内”的国内气候治理特点逐步转化为“内生动力为主”和“内外协调”;从政策制定和执行模式看,“集思广益”“上书模式”持续,“上下互动”“智库支持”的政策学习特点更加明显;从政策体系上看,已经形成相对成熟的符合中国国情的完整体系,推动气候治理能力显著提高;从政策总体特点看,呈现规划主导并引领、行政手段先行市场机制跟进、由点到面有序扩展、环境与气候协同治理、中央和地方互动博弈形成动态平衡、短期内政策成本较高等特点。“十二五”至今,中国应对气候变化政策行动效果明显,提前实现了2020年应对气候变化目标,并在污染治理、经济发展等方面产生广泛协同效应。“十三五”中期以来,中国应对气候变化组织管理机构进行了重大调整,从中央到地方气候政策和行动进入调整阶段。同时,更加强调气候政策和环境政策的协同。展望未来,中国应对气候变化政策和行动应该尽快走出调整期,充分利用新体制的优势,以碳总量控制目标为抓手,坚定推动以全国碳排放权交易为中心、多措互补的政策体系,注重适应行动以应对不断放大的气候风险,继续提高公众对应对气候变化政策的认知度、接受度和参与度,并不断加强技术研发和储备。     

Effect of aging level on viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder containing waste polyethylene

Due to inherent advantages, waste polyethylene (generated from domestic sources) has been used as asphalt modifier. This article discusses viscoelastic properties of the polyethylene modified asphalt binder. Several asphalt concrete mixtures were designed by varying polyethylene and asphalt content. Shredded polyethylene incorporated into asphalt concrete by dry mixing process. Using optimised asphalt content (at several polyethylene percentages), mixtures were prepared and compacted. These compacted specimens were aged for different duration in convection oven. Asphalt binder (from aged specimens) was extracted and tested for its viscoelastic properties using dynamic shear rheometer. Comparison of mastercurves indicated increase in complex modulus and decrease in phase angle values with addition of polyethylene at all reduced frequencies. However, the extent of change was highly dependent on frequency, aging duration and polyethylene content. This indicates that the addition of polyethylene provides more resilience to asphalt binder especially with less aging time. Storage modulus mastercurves (at lower frequencies) and relaxation modulus values (at longer time) indicate polyethylene provides additional stiffening to binder. Further, changes in viscous modulus with addition of polyethylene were marginal. Overall results indicate that waste polyethylene improves the properties of asphalt binder over extended loading period when heated for less time during mixing.