Using chemical process simulation to design industrial ecosystems

Chemical process simulation (CPS) software has been widely used by chemical (process) engineers to design, test, optimise, and integrate process plants. It is expected that industrial ecologists to bring these same problem-solving benefits to the design and operation of industrial ecosystems can use CPS. This paper provides industrial ecology researchers and practitioners with an introduction to CPS and an overview of chemical engineering design principles. The paper highlights recent research showing that CPS can be used to model industrial ecosystems, and discusses the benefits of using CPS to address some of the technical challenges facing companies participating in an industrial ecosystem. CPS can be used to (i) quantitatively evaluate and compare the potential environmental and financial benefits of material and energy linkages; (ii) solve general design, retrofit, or operational problems; (iii) help to identify complex and often counter-intuitive solutions; and (iv) evaluate what-if scenarios. CPS should be a useful addition to the industrial ecology toolbox.     

新疆D矿田金矿资源定量评价

本文在建立D矿田找矿信息层次模型基础上,确定矿田统计单元划分和地质变量提取的赋值原则,将该矿田划分出466个统计单元,提取25个地质变量并进行二态赋值,而后应用数量化理论Ⅲ。特征分析法及勃尔法等方法,建立了矿田金矿资源定量评价模型,定位预测了45个勘探靶区。     

A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada

Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems. As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha⁻¹ for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha⁻¹ with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s.     

利用神经网络及数值模拟获取变压边力控制曲线

在应用Dynaform、Autoform等板料数值模拟软件的过程中 ,通常需要对压边力施力曲线进行各种预先的设定 ,但如何选定施力模式一直是一个比较棘手的问题 ,在文中利用数值模拟及MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱得出了压边力的最优控制曲线     

周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

方轧件在椭圆孔型中轧制温度场的三维有限元分析

应用MARC/autoforge有限元软件对方轧件在椭圆孔型中的轧制温度场进行了热力耦合模拟.研究了模拟过程中的传热边界条件,分析了轧制前和轧制过程中轧件中温度场的分布和变化规律.模拟计算结果和实验结果的比较说明二者基本是相符的.     

FAO生产潜力模型中基本参数的修正

用美国Licor -6200便携式光合作用测定仪对黄淮海主要作物叶片光合进行了测定 ,建立了较强机理的冠层光合模型 ,模型时间积分为瞬时尺度并充分考虑了株型对冠层光合的影响 ,验证结果表明模型具有较高的准确度。在此基础上 ,对deWit在1965年用数值模式计算出的、目前仍在国内大量使用的FAO生产力模型中最基本的参数进行了重新计算 ,发现FAO生产力模型中基本参数对黄淮海地区而言存在较大偏差。文中重新给出了冬小麦、夏玉米两种作物冠层CO2 日总同化量随纬度分布表 ,为以后更准确地计算中国不同作物生产潜力提供了最基本的模型参数 ,同时文中也阐明了作者对国内生产潜力研究的一些观点和看法。     

托盘式烟气脱硫喷淋塔空塔冷态流场数值模拟

以600MW机组多孔合金托盘喷淋塔为研究对象,利用国际流行的商用CFD(ComputationalFluidDynamics)软件Fluent及其前处理软件Gambit对烟气脱硫立式喷淋空塔的流场进行二维数值模拟。计算中选用模型作为计算模型,用SIMPLE算法进行计算。计算结果表明,喷淋塔的烟气入口角度以及多孔合金托盘的安装高度对塔内流场分布有一定的影响,安装托盘后气速明显均匀化,斜切式烟气进口流场分布较直进式均匀,还获得了合适的托盘安装高度。     

圆锥形薄壁件成形过程及性能的数值模拟

采用了ANSYS有限元分析软件对圆锥形薄壁件成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了冲压过程中两类失效形式产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

半球形件粘性介质压力成形的数值模拟研究

粘性压力成形技术是金属板材成形领域里新近出现的一种先进的加工工艺。对双面施放粘性介质的板材胀形进行了模拟研究 ,在双面施放介质的板材粘性介质胀形时 ,排放孔位置分布对毛坯成形过程有明显的影响。排放孔位置分布的不同造成模腔内介质的速度场不同 ,进而导致板材不同部位的流动速度的方向大小发生变化 ,最终使成形件的厚度分布不同