Zeta电位法研究除草剂在土壤胶体中的吸附

应用Zeta(ζ)电位法研究比较了扑草净和扑灭通在4种土壤胶体中的吸附.结果表明,当带有正电荷的除草剂在负电荷土壤表面吸附后,土壤表面的ζ电位有所增加,甚至使ζ电位从负转变成正.通过零电荷点计算得到除草剂和土壤之间的吸附常数和Gibbs自由能,并由经典的振荡平衡法得到相近结果.     

交流电场对生物膜胞外聚合物提取过程的影响

利用电场特性,研究了交流电场的电流、频率大小对生物膜胞外聚合物(EPS)提取过程的影响,当电流密度小于10mA/cm²时,外电场对生物膜内微生物细胞影响较小;提取剂不同则对应的最佳提取频率不同,NaOH提取剂较适合的频率范围是10～100Hz;在电场条件一定的情况下,分别探讨了溶液pH值、提取剂浓度等各因素对提取效果的影响.以EDTA钠盐为提取剂,其浓度为2%时,提取效果较好;以2% EDTA钠盐为提取剂时,pH=10提取效果最佳.     

ACCURACY AND CONSISTENCY OF WATER‐CURRENT MIETERS1

ABSTRACT: The measurement of discharge in natural streams requires hydrographers to use accurate meters that have consistent performance among meters of the same model. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the accuracy and consistency of four models of current meters‐Price Type‐AA, Price Pygmy, Marsh McBirney 2000, and Swoffer 2100. Test results for six meters of each model are presented. Variation of meter performance within a model is used as an indicator of consistency, and percent velocity error that is computed from a measured reference velocity is used as an indicator of meter accuracy. Velocities measured by each meter are also compared to the manufacturer's published or advertised accuracy limits. The investigation found the Price models to be more accurate and consistent than the other models. The Price models met their respective accuracy limits over the range of test velocities better than the other models. The Marsh McBirney model usually measured within its accuracy specification. The Swoffer meters did not meet the stringent Swoffer accuracy limits for all the velocities tested. The Swoffer model had accuracies similar to the Price Type‐AA model when individual meter rating equations were computed and used. Every model tested had meters that did not meet manufacturer accuracy limits. Because current meters are not consistently accurate within a model, hydrographers should periodically check meters against a velocity standard.     

微絮凝过滤中SCD自动控制投药系统干扰调控能力研究

针对某水库源水,通过中试试验结合理论分析,对SCD自动控制加药技术用于微絮凝过滤作了较为系统的分析和研究。试验结果表明,SCD抗干扰调控能力强,并指出某水库水采用流动电流自动控制混凝加药技术是可行的。     

垂直壁面火蔓延速率的实验测量

垂直壁面火蔓延过程受材料本身的热物理性质以及外加辐射等复杂因素条件的影响很大,论文研究建立了可测量不同材料存在外加辐射条件下的垂直方向火蔓延实验台,来研究典型可燃物的垂直方向火蔓延特性,观察不同材料之间火蔓延行为的不同,同时测定可燃物的火焰到达高度随时间的变化情况,得到相应的火焰蔓延速率。同时考虑外辐射情况下对不同材料垂直方向火蔓延过程的影响,实验数据可为进一步的模拟研究工作提供很好的参考。     

烷基酚类化合物对发光菌的定量构效相关研究

用发光菌(明亮发光菌T₃变种)对16种烷基酚进行了毒性测试(EC₅₀),并利用分子连接性指数、辛醇/水分配系数及电子参数进行毒性预测,在实验基础上获得有效的估测模式,并对活性作用机制进行了探讨.      

成都市各区（市）县城镇生活垃圾处理对策

介绍了成都市各区（市）县生活垃圾的成分和处理现状,提出了将来成都市各区（市）县城镇垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化的处理方案。     

我国干热沙漠环境特点对电工电子产品的影响

本文介绍我国干热沙漠的环境特点,分析其对电工电子产品的主要影响和危害,并介绍克服影响应采取的措施。     

Turbulent velocity profile in fully-developed open channel flows

The determination of velocity profile in turbulent narrow open channels is a difficult task due to the significant effects of the anisotropic turbulence that involve the Prandtl’s second type of secondary flow occurring in the cross section. With these currents the maximum velocity appears below the free surface that is called dip phenomenon. The well-known logarithmic law describes the velocity distribution in the inner region of the turbulent boundary layer but it is not adapted to define the velocity profile in the outer region of narrow channels. This paper relies on an analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations and yields a new formulation of the vertical velocity profile in the center region of steady, fully developed turbulent flows in open channels. This formulation is able to predict time averaged primary velocity in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer for both narrow and wide open channels. The proposed law is based on the knowledge of the aspect ratio and involves a parameter C_Ar depending on the position of the maximum velocity (ξ_dip). ξ_dip may be derived, either from measurements or from an empirical equation given in this paper. A wide range of longitudinal velocity profile data for narrow open channels has been used for validating the model. The agreement between the measured and the computed velocities is rather good, despite the simplification used.     

北京市农田生产的负外部效应价值评价

将京郊农田生产作为一项经济活动,采用多种生态、环境经济学的评价方法,评价了北京郊区农田生产的负外部效应价值.结果表明,2002年因不合理利用所导致的负外部效应价值为1.57亿元,约占当年农业增加值的3.2%,环境总成本平均到耕地面积上约为631.77元/hm².在已定量化的负外部影响中,污灌造成的环境代价大约为888.5元/hm2,约占环境污染总成本的45.1%;滥施氮肥的地下水环境代价为803元/hm²,约占环境污染总成本的42.4%.两者合计占外部负效应总价值的87.5%.