Intensified inactivation of model and environmental bacteria by an atmospheric-pressure air-liquid discharge plasma compared with chlorination

Water-borne pathogenic bacteria are always the top priority to be removed through disinfection process in water treatment due to their threat to human health. It was necessary to develop novel disinfection methods since the conventional chlorine disinfection was inefficient in inactivating chlorine-resistant bacteria, inducing the viable but non-culturable(VBNC) bacteria and forming disinfection by-products(DBPs). In this study, the inactivation of four model strains including Gram-negative(G     

Settling and dewatering characteristics of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria

We evaluated the settling ability and dewaterability of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria (GMOB) after granulation using a continuous-flow reactor. A comparative analysis on settling and dewatering characteristics due to changes in sludge retention time (SRT, 10, 15 and 20 days) during cultivation of GMOB was conducted. In assessing dewaterability, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of activated sludge and GMOB was found to be 8.21×1013-2.38×1014 and 4.88 × 1012-1.98×1013 m/kg, respectively. It was confirmed that as SRT decreased, SRF of GMOB increased. In the case of bound extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), activated sludge registered 147.5 mg/g-VSS while GMOB exhibited 171-177.2 mg/g-VSS. In the case of extracellular polymeric substance soluble EPS in effluent, activated sludge measured 62 mg/L and GMOB had 17.4-21.4 mg/L. The particle size analysis showed that mean particle diameters of GMOB were 402, 369, and 350 μm, respectively, at SRTs of 20, 15 and 10 days. In addition, it was found that GMOB had a larger mean particle diameter and exhibited much better settleability and dewaterability than activated sludge did.     

A2O-MBR工艺中生物泡沫现象原因及其影响研究

以实际规模A²O-MBR污水厂为研究对象,主要考察好氧池生物泡沫现象及其基本特征（质/量特征和生物特征）,探究引发生物泡沫的潜在原因,并分析生物泡沫对污染物去除效果及膜污染的影响.结果表明试验期间,好氧池生物泡沫现象日趋严重,泡沫质/量特征值（泡沫量-Scum index,SI^*和泡沫潜能/稳定性-Foam power,FP）随运行时间延长呈上升趋势,且SI^*和FP与总胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substance,EPS）和结合型EPS浓度显著相关.生物泡沫中丝状菌丰度、微生物活性均高于污泥混合液.经分析生物泡沫的产生及稳定可能是由EPS作用和丝状菌（主要是微丝菌和0092型菌）作用引起的.生物泡沫持续存在期间,A²O-MBR系统对污染物去除效果（COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP和浊度）稳定,并未受到负面影响.泡沫对膜污染具有一定的影响.     

反硝化悬浮填料适用性及其微生物群落结构解析

为研究温度及处理负荷对缺氧挂膜悬浮填料的活性恢复效果的影响,将填料分别置于低负荷、冲击负荷和低温环境中进行活性恢复适用性实验.结果表明在填料活性恢复过程中起关键作用的是EPS中多糖的增加,冲击负荷和低温条件下多糖含量增加比蛋白质更为明显.而低负荷下多糖和蛋白质含量均高于另外两者.缺氧挂膜悬浮填料的活性恢复对冲击负荷条件的适用性较好,低温条件次之,对低负荷环境适用性较差.另外,低负荷、冲击负荷和低温环境中Proteobacteria菌门的相对丰度分别由15 d时的72.23%、78.66%和76.35%上升至25d时的83.17%、84.30%和80.46%,15 d时低负荷下Proteobacteria菌相对丰度低于其他反应器,缺氧悬浮填料不能作为污水处理厂低负荷下总氮快速达标的备选方案.反硝化功能菌属Dechloromonas相对丰度的增加可能是引起填料生物膜反硝化脱氮能力提高的重要原因.Flavobacterium菌属的存在可能促进了低温下填料生物膜反硝化脱氮能力的恢复.不同恢复环境对缺氧生物膜恢复完成时的生物多样性影响较小.     

城市污水厂活性污泥中胞外聚合物与工艺运行及污泥沉降性能的相关性分析

胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)的组分及含量是影响活性污泥性能的重要因素之一.本研究在测定不同城市污水处理厂活性污泥中EPS的基础上,分析水质情况与运行条件对EPS组分的影响.结果表明:蛋白质为EPS的主要组分,约占25%~63%;腐殖酸次之,占21%~50%;DNA和多糖的含量较少.同是A~2O工艺的2个污水厂的污泥沉降性能和粒径分布差异较大.根据Pearson分析结果,在污泥微膨胀和正常状态下,EPS总量与污泥体积指数(Sludge Volume Index,SVI)及粒径分布没有明显的相关性,但腐殖酸和DNA均与SVI呈正相关.处理工艺的水力停留时间与EPS总量负相关,但污水中有机物含量对EPS的含量及组分没有影响.EPS中多糖含量与脱氮除磷过程显著相关,多糖可以作为脱氮除磷过程的有机碳源.污泥龄影响EPS中蛋白质与多糖的比值.因此,污水水质、工艺类型及运行条件不同程度的影响EPS的组分及含量,进而影响处理效果.     

水环境中微囊藻毒素分析技术进展

微囊藻毒素将成为衡量水质好坏的指标之一。水体中微囊藻毒素的检测是了解水体污染和毒素控制的基础,因此微囊藻毒素的检测变得尤其重要。文章综述了目前微囊藻毒素的来源、化学结构和性质的研究成果,重点评述国内外微囊藻毒素检测方法进展。     

A method for the isolation of microorganisms producing extracellular long-side-chain poly (β-hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerase

A simple method was developed for the preparation of an autoclavable, long-side-chain poly (-hydroxyalkanoate) (LSC-PHA) colloidal suspension, which was used as a substrate for enzymatic degradation and to prepare agar overlay plates for the isolation of microorganisms producing extracellular LSC-PHA depolymerase. Six cultures producing extracellular LSC-PHA depolymerase were isolated from a composted hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. All were pseudomonads or related bacteria. All (with the possible exception ofXanthomonas maltophilia) could produce LSC PHA. Except forX. maltophilia none could hydrolyze poly (-hydroxybutyrate). Screening of sevenPseudomonas strains known to accumulate LSC PHA showed that all were negative for extracellular LSC-PHA depolymerase production. It was concluded that extracellular LSC-PHA depolymerase producers are found mostly in the genusPseudomonas but that they are relatively uncommon.     

不同基质条件对生物膜细胞外聚合物组成和含量的影响

对比研究了处于胶体和溶解状态的有机物对生物膜胞外聚合物组成和含量的影响，研究发现，不同基质条件对胞外聚合物的总量、多糖和蛋白质含量产生影响，另外，基质条件与会对生物膜的表面结构造成一定的影响。     

微囊藻毒素研究进展

蓝藻水华使水的感官性状恶化，水体自净能力降低，其中的蓝绿藻会产生对健康有潜在威胁的微囊藻毒素，是淡水水体中危害最大的一类。就国内外近年来对微囊藻毒素的毒理、危害和流行病学等方面的研究作一综述。