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61.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important treatments of infertility to provide a chance of conceiving. In IVF treatment, sperm are washed and motile sperm are isolated with sperm washing media (SWM) for the purpose of fertilization; fertilized ova are then incubated for a maximum of 5 or 6 d in media for IVF (IVFM). The exposure of fertilized ova to chemicals via such media has not been studied. We determined the concentrations of two contaminants; di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its hydrolyzed product mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in IVFM, SWM, and protein sources (PS: human serum albumin or serum substitute) for IVFM and SWM. The DEHP and MEHP in these media were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method and their concentrations determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fifteen IVFM, nine SWM, and six PS obtained in Japan were examined. The concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in IVFM and SWM were <10-114 and <2.0-263 ng mL−1, respectively. The concentrations of both DEHP and MEHP were higher in the media containing PS than in those without PS. Either MEHP alone or both DEHP and MEHP were detected in PS. The concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in PS were <10-982 and 47.0-1840 ng mL−1, respectively. The DEHP and MEHP detected in these media were derived from PS. This is the first study on the chemical contamination of IVFM, SWM, and PS. 相似文献
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Precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale is the key for regional cultivated land protection and management. Taking Dingzhuang Town (located in Guangrao County, Shandong Province) as a case study, this article explores the precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale. First, three main cropping systems are identified via field investigation, namely wheat–maize–soybean, garlic–maize and cotton. Then, application amount of fertilizer N, P and K under the three cropping sys... 相似文献
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Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Feifei He Rongfeng Jiang Fusuo Zhang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1666-1672
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a typical greenhouse vegetable system in Northern China were measured from February 2004 to January 2006 using a close chamber method. Four nitrogen management levels (NN, MN, CN, and SN) were used. N2O emissions occurred intermittently in the growing season, strongly correlating with N fertilization and irrigation. No peak emissions were observed after fertilization in the late Autumn season due to low soil temperature. 57-94% of the seasonal N2O emissions came from the initial growth stage, corresponding to the rewetting process in the soil. The annual N2O emissions ranged from 2.6 to 8.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1, accounting for 0.27-0.30% of the annual nitrogen input. Compared with conventional N management, site-specific N management reduced N fertilization rate by 69% in 2004 and by 76% in 2005, and consequently reduced N2O emissions by 51% in 2004 and 27% in 2005, respectively. 相似文献
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用田间长期定位试验法研究了施肥与地膜覆盖条件下玉米连作在壤质棕壤中有机质的矿化、积累和平衡。结果表明,土壤有机质矿化率在0.0107~0.0438/a之间,施肥与地膜覆盖有利于土壤有机质的积累与平衡,并加快有机质矿化;在本试验各施肥处理中土壤有机质均有所积累;在连年稳定施肥条件下,有机肥的施用会明显提高土壤有机质平衡值 相似文献
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在各长期轮作施肥系统中,耕层土壤矿化培养过程的pH及剖面矿化势的变化,说明了长期不同的轮作和施肥方式引起土壤有机氮数量和性质的变化。pH变化具有一共同特征,在0~4 周,各处理间差异显著;而后期变化趋势趋于一致,向微碱性环境发展。各处理的剖面矿化势的变化反映了有机氮可矿化数量的改变。小麦连作施肥和苜蓿连作施肥均说明施用有机肥对土壤有机氮水平有较好的提高作用。粮豆轮作3 a对土壤供氮能力的提高作用大于粮饲轮作4 a和裸地处理。 相似文献
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在辽宁西部褐土上历时10 a的田间试验结果表明:氮肥对提高作物产量效果最好,平均增产率50%,平均每千克 N增产粮食21 kg。供试褐土富磷,试验前3 a施磷肥不显增产作用,之后增产明显,10 a平均增产率10.9%,平均每千克 P增产粮食47 kg。供试褐土富钾,连续10 a施钾肥不显增产作用。 在施用化肥基础上每年以60%收获产品直接堆腐回田,可比对应的化肥处理分别增产(10 a平均)40.6%(无肥对照)、19.5%(N肥基础)、12.1%(NP肥)和8.1%(NPK肥),平均年增产粮食(混合、烘干)分别为1.54、1.08、0.79、0.52 t/hm2。养分循环再利用的作物增产效益在试验的10 a中有着逐年增长的趋势,表明以堆肥形式循环回田养分的作物增产作用有着明显的残效叠加效应。 相似文献
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