萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析

采用温室盆栽方法,研究花卉植物萱草(Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.)对大港油田石油烃污染土壤的修复,设定的土壤石油烃污染含量为:0、10 000和40 000 mg·kg~(-1).结果表明,萱草对石油烃含量≤40 000 mg·kg~(-1)具有良好的耐性,并且萱草对石油烃污染土壤中石油烃的修复效果比较显著,主要表现在试验组石油烃的去除率分别为53.7%和33.4%,显著高于空白对照组(31.8%和12.0%).通过GC-MS测定土壤中的氨基酸、有机酸以及糖类等成分的相对含量,并结合PCA和PLS-DA模型探讨了土壤石油烃去除的根际机制.结果发现,萱草的种植确实改变了土壤各成分的分布特征,而且其中喃葡萄糖对石油烃的去除起到关键的作用.此外,对萱草根系代谢组学的分析结果显示,仅在污染组发现了特殊的代谢物丙氨酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸.而且,石油烃的暴露确实改变了萱草根系的初生代谢流,引起了一些代谢物的显著变化.总之,萱草可以种植于石油烃含量≤40 000 mg·kg~(-1)的污染土壤,并具备了对石油烃的修复能力;同时石油烃的暴露改变了萱草的根系代谢,而这种改变可能是萱草对石油烃污染土壤做出的代谢响应.     

Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation

Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three different types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, ...     

抽油井"三防装置"的研制与应用

针对油井存在的盘根漏油、普通电机顶丝无法顸紧电机、普通防盗取样器防盗效果差等问题,介绍了研制的叠加复式盘根盒装置、万能顶丝及双重防盗取样器的使用效果,现场应用表明这些装置能确保抽油机井安全经济运行。     

基于细微粒子污染的灰霾判定方法的研究

本文从细微粒子污染导致灰霾形成的角度出发,首先开展了灰霾监测实验,并对实验数据进行频数和描述性分析,研究了以PM10为主的细微粒子污染与灰霾的影响关系。确定了以PM10日平均浓度为灰霾目的判定依据,并根据中国大陆PM10污染指数的分级标准建立了灰霾等级指数,从而形成了一套根据PM10日平均浓度来确定不同等级的灰霾发生概率的方法,为灰霾预测及灰霾治理提供一定的理论依据。     

微生物强化蜈蚣草累积土壤砷能力的研究

研究了外源添加微生物对蜈蚣草吸收砷能力及其根系参数的影响.通过室内盆栽试验研究表明,施放线菌PSQ、shf2和细菌Ts37、C13处理能明显促进植物生长.其中,shf2处理效果最显著,其生物量、根系活力和根系体积分别达11.5 g/po、t2.01μg/(g.h)、38.3 mL.施菌处理蜈蚣草植株砷含量均高于对照(CK)处理,其中Ts37处理地上部砷含量达最高837mg/kg,比同期CK处理高出206%;shf2处理地下部砷含量最高,达427 mg/kg,比同期CK处理高出88%.施用shf2菌的蜈蚣草砷积累总量最高,达5 804μg/pot,比同期CK处理高出136%.4种微生物处理在45 d内植物修复效率为8.9%~11.3%.施用微生物可有效提高蜈蚣草累积砷的能力,且以放线菌shf2效果最好.     

黄土台塬不同土地利用土壤有机碳与颗粒有机碳

为了探讨土地利用方式对土壤有机碳固定的影响,论文以乔木、灌木、草地和农田等不同植被类型,纯林和混交两种栽培模式的黄土台塬为研究对象,进行了土壤有机碳(SOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)分析。结果表明:不同土地利用方式土壤SOC和POC在0~100 cm土体中均存在差异,尤以0~40 cm深度突出,其中灌木林地和天然草地在整个剖面上可积累更多的SOC和POC;不同土地利用方式土壤细颗粒有机碳(FPOC)含量、分配比例及其在剖面上的分布变化均小于粗颗粒有机碳(CPOC),在0~100 cm土体中,CPOC敏感性指标分别为SOC、FPOC和POC总量的2.66~13.56、3.75~5.99和2.58~4.17倍;不同土地利用方式土壤SOC与POC极显著相关,耕地SOC与POC相关性相对较小,乔灌混交林地和乔木林地最大。因此,CPOC和FPOC均可作为衡量土地利用方式转变对于土壤影响的评价指标之一。     

偶极荷电静电除尘器伏安特性及收尘性能研究

提出一种新型的静电除尘器,即偶极荷电静电除尘器,分析了其收尘机理,主要包括离子风、电场力及电凝并,利用PIV技术对离子风进行了测定,并对其伏安特性及收尘性能进行了实验研究,结果表明:离子风速度约为2m/s左右;偶极荷电静电除尘器的电晕电流及对微细颗粒物的除尘效率均远高于普通的静电除尘器。     

接种Penicilliumsp.和根际分泌物对土壤甲磺隆的协同降解研究

通过接种Penicillium sp.和模拟小麦根际环境的方法,研究了甲磺隆在Penicillium sp.和小麦根际分泌物协同作用下的生物降解特性.结果表明,根系分泌物丰富了土著微生物和外源微生物,对甲磺隆的降解具有显著的促进作用.接种Penicillium sp.的根际土壤中甲磺隆降解半衰期为8.6 d,其降解速率是接种Penicillium sp.的非根际土壤的1.8倍,是普通根际土壤的2.7倍.继续追加甲磺隆的试验表明,接种菌株Penicillium sp.对甲磺隆的降解具有可持续性.     

Changes in groundwater levels and the response of natural vegetation to transfer of water to the lower reaches of the Tarim River

Restoration and reconstruction of the degraded Tarim River ecosystem is an important challenge.A goal of an ecological water conveyance project is to protect and restore the natural vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River by transferring water from Bosten Lake,through the river channel,to the lower reaches.This study describes the changes in groundwater depth during the water transfer and the respondence of riparian vegetation to alterations in groundwater levels.The results indicate that groundwater depth along the Tarim River channel has a significant spatial-temporal component.Groundwater levels closest to the river channel show the most immediate and pronounced changes as a response to water transfer while those further away respond more slowly,although the observed change appears to be longer in duration.With a rise in the groundwater level,natural vegetation responded with higher growth rates,biomass and biodiversity.These favorable changes show that it is feasible to protect and restore the degraded natural vegetation by raising the groundwater depth.Plant communities are likely to reflect the hysteresis phenomenon,requiring higher water levels to initiate and stimulate desired growth than what may be needed to maintain the plant community.Because different species have different ecologies,including different root depths and densities and water needs,their response to increasing water availability will be spatially and temporally heterogenous.The response of vegetation is also influenced by microtopography and watering style.This paper discusses strategies for the protection and restoration of the degraded vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and provides information to complement ongoing theoretical research into ecological restoration in arid or semi-arid ecosystems.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.