Development of an Earthen Dam Break Database

Earthen embankment dams comprise 85% of all major operational dams in the United States. Assessment of peak flow rates for these earthen dams and the impacts on dam failure are of high interest to engineers and planners. Regression analysis is a frequently used risk assessment approach for earthen dams. In this paper, we present a decision support tool for assessing the applicability of nine regression equations commonly used by practitioners. Using data from 108 case studies, six parameters were observed to be significant factors predicting for peak flow as a metric for risk analysis. We present our work on an expanded earthen dam break database that relates the regression equations and underlying data. A web application, regression selection tool, is also presented to assess the appropriateness of a given model for a given test point. This graphical display allows users to visualize how their data point compares with the data used for the regression equation. These contributions improve estimates and better inform decision makers regarding operational and safety decisions.     

“大数据”预测分析与三丁基锡暴露有关疾病

通过毒理学“大数据”,挖掘三丁基锡（TBT）潜在的生物影响信息,预测分析TBT暴露与人类相关疾病的关系.通过比较毒理组学数据库（CTD）搜集到488个和TBT具有相互作用的基因.基因相互作用网络图显示TP53拥有相关联基因最多,处于中心地位;其次是ESR1和FN1.CTD分析与TBT相关的疾病,发现前10类疾病分别是癌症、神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病（女）、消化系统疾病、代谢疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病（男）、内分泌系统疾病、免疫系统疾病、呼吸道疾病.KEGG通路和DAVID基因功能注释分析,发现TBT不仅和代谢性疾病有较高的关联性,其相互作用基因在糖代谢途径上亦有较密集的基因功能注释.PASS的活性预测也发现TBT可能影响多种与糖代谢相关的酶生物活性.这提示TBT对糖代谢相关疾病的影响应引起人们的注意.     

化工企业安全风险管控信息系统的研究与应用

为提升企业的安全风险管控水平,以R化工厂的甲醇成品罐区为例,运用系统的危险源辨识方法对其设备、工艺过程、切罐、倒罐操作程序、生产作业活动等进行系统全面的危险源辨识,形成安全风险信息数据库。基于安全风险信息数据库,开发各种风险管控工具。利用信息化技术,构建安全风险管控信息系统,对企业实行动态化的安全管理。     

钻井现场安全监督系统研发及应用

基于钻井现场安全监督在管控钻井作业风险中的重要性和当前钻井安全监督能力方面的缺陷,采用信息化手段,提出了钻井现场安全监督系统整体架构设计和数据库建设思路,介绍了系统功能和应用情况,结果表明:该系统能够显著提高钻井现场监督工作质量,实现钻井现场安全事故的有效控制。     

铜冶炼企业风险信息数据库的构建与应用

基于风险管理科学原理,以国内某铜冶炼企业为例,通过实地调查研究企业生产作业活动及安全管理现状,选取科学适用的风险辨识方法,系统全面的辨识企业生产过程安全风险,建立企业安全风险信息数据库,并且进行常态化的动态更新,保证企业安全风险信息与企业生产实际的契合。同时以风险信息数据库为依托,完善企业安全管理手段并开发新的安全风险管控手段,以实现安全风险信息数据库在企业安全管理的实际应用,避免或减少安全生产事故的发生。     

两种垃圾处理设施挥发性恶臭气体的指纹谱

为研究垃圾转运、焚烧处理设施挥发性有机污染物排放现状,采用GC-MS(气相色谱质谱联用仪)方法分析了垃圾处理设施不同采样点臭气中物质组成及主要组分含量。在所采集的样品中定量分析了111种物质,从中筛选21种物质并根据其归一化浓度建立了各采样点的指纹谱图。结合物质嗅阈值和指纹谱分析,初步识别了不同处理设施采样点的典型恶臭污染物,其中垃圾转运站站内包括对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、二甲基二硫醚,站外包括甲苯、乙苯、二硫化碳、甲硫醇;垃圾焚烧厂渣坑为甲硫醚,渗滤液为硫化氢。     

Undercounting of large trucks in federal and state crash databases: Extent of problem and how to improve accuracy of truck classifications

Objective: Prior research suggested that single-unit trucks are undercounted when using vehicle body codes in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). This study explored the extent of the misclassification and undercounting problem for crashes in FARS and state crash databases.

Methods: Truck misclassifications for fatal crashes were explored by comparing the Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) database with FARS. TIFA used vehicle identification numbers (VINs) and survey information to classify large trucks. This study used VINs to improve the accuracy of large truck classifications in state crash databases from 5 states (Delaware, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Utah).

Results: The vehicle body type codes resulted in a 19% undercount of single-unit trucks in FARS and a 23% undercount of single-unit trucks in state databases. Tractor-trailers were misclassified less often. Misclassifications occurred most frequently among single-unit trucks in the weight classes of 10,001–14,000 pounds.

Conclusions: The amount of misclassification of large trucks is large enough to potentially affect federal and state decisions on traffic safety. Using information from VINs results in more complete and accurate counts of large trucks involved in crashes. The National Transportation Safety Board recommended actions to improve federal and state crash data.     

导弹环境适应性数据库开发构想

根据导弹设计师急需获取环境适应性信息指导相关工作的开展,但由于种种原因无从获取,通过构想,从现状、开发目标、可行性分析、需求分析、信息构成、组织及信息共享方式等角度对数据库开发所涉及的要素进行了分析,为导弹装备环境适应性数据库开发工作明确了思路,奠定了基础。     

浅谈验收反馈意见对环境影响评价的指导意义

通过对环境影响评价工作中出现的问题进行分析,发现建设项目竣工验收信息反馈对环境影响评价工作的指导意义重大,主要体现在对工程分析章节的修正,对污染治理措施章节的指导两个方面.分析指出通过建立项目竣工验收与环评的一对一反馈系统、污染源信息数据库和环保设施信息平台,实现项目竣工验收对环境影响评价的指导作用,以上系统一旦建立成功,将有助于提高评价中给出的预防或减轻环境影响的对策和措施的可操作性.     

The governance of ecosystem services in river basins: An approach for structured data representation and analysis

River basins provide a wide range of ecosystem services important for human well-being. Ecosystem functions and their value to humans have been thoroughly studied. However, the role of governance characteristics for the sustainable management of ecosystem services has been largely ignored up to now. To close this gap, this article introduces the latest modifications to a database building on the Management and Transition Framework (MTF) that serve to study the relationship between water governance and management systems and their performance with regard to impacts on ecosystem services. This comprehensive approach facilitates structured data collection and representation in order to analyze single case studies or compare case studies regarding the governance and management of water resources and associated ecosystem services. It allows the user to investigate whether certain water governance characteristics, such as stakeholder involvement or vertical integration of governance levels, are associated with a change in the management of ecosystem services or a measurable change in their state. A simplified case from South Africa shows how the database modifications allow addressing links between governance and management processes on the one side and ecosystem services and the way they are handled on the other side. Applying the MTF database leads to evidence-based insights into best practices as well as failed management approaches and interventions. This in turn provides knowledge that can be transferred from science to practice supporting sustainable governance of ecosystem services.