建筑施工现场安全信息定置管理技术研究

建筑施工现场是一个动态的、复杂的的场所,是人流、物流、信息流交汇的地点,管理难度大,发生意外安全事件和安全事故多。为了解决这个难题,本文针对目前建筑工程施工现场的特点,提出了用安全信息定置管理技术来解决建筑施工安全难题的方法。通过现场直观、形象、通俗易懂的看板和现场的安全信息,使现场操作人员通过视觉很容易地从管理看板上和现场的各种标识上获取有关安全操作的各种信息和管理者的要求和意图,从而实现操作者的自主管理、自我控制,实现安全施工的目的。同时介绍了用定置管理原理的科学定置技术,从建筑工程施工现场安全信息管理的收集、加工、设计、应用的方法。建筑施工现场安全信息定置管理技术的推广,将加速建筑安装企业及建筑施工现场的标准化安全管理的实现,真正实现预防为主、自主管理为主、持续改进的安全管理模式。值得在建筑施工现场推广。     

三种修复剂对铬污染土壤的修复效果

采用淋溶土柱的方式,探讨醋糟、醋糟+腐殖酸、醋糟+不锈钢尾渣三种修复剂对铬污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明:三种修复剂均能促进土壤Cr(Ⅵ)的还原,增强土壤对铬的固定能力,降低土壤的有效铬含量。其中,施加醋糟的效果要优于醋糟与不锈钢尾渣及腐殖酸的配施,且醋糟+不锈钢尾渣的修复效果要优于醋糟+腐殖酸。施加醋糟,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率可达56.38%,总铬含量可增加95.08%;醋糟+不锈钢尾渣还原率可达47.94%,总铬含量可增加89.66%;醋糟+腐殖酸还原率可达到27.17%,总铬含量可增加39.78%。经过三种修复剂处理,土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量显著增加,土壤氧化还原电位及有效铬含量显著下降。采用醋糟和醋糟+腐殖酸处理后可降低土壤pH值,而醋糟+不锈钢尾渣可提高土壤pH值。     

畜禽粪污生物好氧发酵固氮研究现状及其影响因素研究

好氧发酵是有效实现畜禽粪便处理及资源化利用的有效途径,尽管好氧发酵在处理畜禽粪便过程中有很多优势,但其存在潜在的环境问题.大多数氮素是以氨气的形式挥发损失,还有少量的氧化态氮挥发,或者以硝态氮随水流失,氮的流失一方面降低了好氧发酵成品中的氮含量,也就降低了成品农学价值;另一方面成了臭气的环境污染源.本文阐述了畜禽粪便好氧发酵过程中氮素转化及主要损失途径,在实践经验的基础上,总结分析了影响好氧发酵过程中氮素损失的主要因素(包括物料初始特性、堆体环境参数、工艺条件),提出了有效控制氮素损失的调控措施.     

营养盐恢复对氮磷饥饿铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

在自然水体中微囊藻经常经历营养盐的限制和再补充,营养盐浓度的波动影响着微囊藻的生长和暴发.本文利用14C标记和荧光定量PCR研究了营养盐恢复对氮磷饥饿的铜绿微囊藻细胞生理和光合作用相关基因表达的影响.结果表明经过氮磷饥饿的铜绿微囊藻在补充营养盐后,都能快速生长,氮饥饿的藻细胞生长更快,但其经过快速增长期后很快开始衰亡.补充营养盐后,经过磷饥饿的藻细胞固碳能力和光合作用相关基因表达很快恢复至未经饥饿藻细胞的水平,而经过氮饥饿的藻细胞其固碳能力和相关基因虽然有很大提升,却难以恢复至未经饥饿的藻细胞的水平.这可能也是氮饥饿的藻细胞在饥饿解除后虽然能暂时地快速生长,但很快又进入衰亡的原因之一.     

Soil N balance as affected by soybean maturity class in the Guinea savanna of Nigeria

Legume–cereal rotation may reduce the fertilizer requirement of the cereal crop and we hypothesize that the benefit depends on the maturity class of the soybean. Field trials were therefore conducted in 1995 in four Guinea savanna sites to monitor the effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivation on the N balance of the soil. In trial 1, an early (TGx1485-1D) and a late (TGx1670-1F) soybean were grown to maturity along with a maize (Zea mays L.) reference plot. In trial 2, six varieties of soybean (early: TGx1485-1D, TGx1805-2E and TGx1681-3F; medium: TGx1809-12E and TGx923-2E; late: TGx1670-1F) were grown to maturity along with a reference maize plot. The total nitrogen (N) content, aboveground N₂ fixed, and N remaining in the stover were higher in the medium and the late varieties than in early varieties. Also, the early varieties had higher nitrogen harvest indices (81–84%) than medium and late varieties (74–79%). From the N balance calculation, it was found that medium and late maturing soybean resulted in an addition of 4.2 kg N ha⁻¹ to the soil, whereas the early maturing varieties resulted in depletion of the soil N reserve by 5.6 kg N ha⁻¹ (P<0.05). On average, among the medium and late varieties, late maturing TGx923-2E resulted in an addition of 9.5 kg N ha⁻¹ to the soil. When the stover was not returned to the field, early soybean resulted in more negative N balance than the medium and late soybean (P<0.05). Therefore, planting an early variety of soybean for one season resulted in net depletion of soil N, even when the soybean residues were returned to the soil and N₂ fixed in the roots and N in the fallen leaf litter were included in the N balance calculations. Contrary to this, planting medium and late soybean for one season resulted in an addition of N to the soil. Therefore, medium and late soybean should be used as a preceding crop in legume–cereal rotation, if possible, to minimize or avoid depletion of soil N by early varieties of soybean.     

二氧化碳氢化固定反应催化剂的研究

研究了Cu、Zn、Al、Cr等氧化物催化剂在二氧化碳氢化固定反应中的催化活性.研究结果表明,一般含铜的催化剂都具有较高的活性和选择性.红外光谱证实二氧化碳加氢反应过程中有甲酸铜中间产物生成,并利用TPD技术对反应物的吸附过程进行了探讨.     

控制型煤SO2污染的研究

本文利用二氧化锰，氧化钙和碳酸钙为固硫剂，掺入煤炭中制成型煤进行固硫，经实验分析表明，固硫效果好，减轻了环境污染，并具有节能效果。     

Influence of light zones on drivers' visual fixation characteristics and traffic safety in extra-long tunnels

Objective: Special light zone is a new illumination technique that promises to improve the visual environment and improve traffic safety in extra-long tunnels. The purpose of this study is to identify how light zones affect the dynamic visual characteristics and information perception of drivers as they pass through extra-long tunnels on highways.

Methods: Thirty-two subjects were recruited for this study, and fixation data were recorded using eye movement tracking devices. A back-propagation artificial neural network was employed to predict and analyze the influence of special light zones on the variations in the fixation duration and pupil area of drivers. The analytic coordinates of focus points at different light zones were clustered to obtain different visual fixation regions using dynamic cluster theory.

Results: The findings of this study indicated that the special light zones had different influences on fixation duration and pupil area compared to other sections. Drivers gradually changed their fixation points from a scattered pattern to a narrow and zonal distribution that mainly focused on the main visual area at the center, the road just ahead, and the right side of the main visual area while approaching the special light zones. The results also showed that the variation in illumination and landscape in light zones was more important than driving experience to yield changes in visual cognition and driving behavior.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the special light zones can help relieve drivers' vision fatigue to some extent and further develop certain visual stimulus that can enhance drivers' attention. The study would provide a scientific basis for safety measurement implementation in extra-long tunnels.     

能源微藻Chlorella vulgaris培养响应面优化及CO2联合沼液低成本培养的可行性

为了提高能源微藻Chlorella vulgaris的固碳产油性能和进一步降低其培养过程培养成本,本研究在单因素结果的基础上,通过响应面法对其进行了优化;并在优化后的条件下,探讨了采用15% CO₂联合沼液替代传统培养基BG-11培养Chlorella vulgaris的可行性.结果表明,通气速率、光照强度、温度过高或过低都不利于小球藻生长、固碳和产油.响应面优化后得出当通气速率为0.075 m³?m^-3·min^-1、温度为28.5 ℃、光照强度为4950 lx时,小球藻的固碳和产油效果最佳,其生物质产率、平均固碳速率和油脂产率分别为0.20 、0.367g·L^-1·d^-1和56.8 mg·L^-1·d^-1.利用50%沼液联合15% CO₂培养Chlorella vulgaris时,其平均固碳速率、油脂产率分别为0.3304 g·L^-1·d^-1和42.81 mg·L^-1·d^-1,此时沼液中氨氮、总磷、COD的利用率分别能够达到55.48%、41.95%和81.63%,沼液可有效替代BG-11培养基,可大幅度降低培养成本,实现废水和CO₂的资源化.     

钝顶螺旋藻固定模拟烟道气中的CO2

研究了钝顶螺旋藻对模拟烟道气中CO2的固定性能,及其对NOx和SOx水溶形态亚硝态氮、亚硫酸氢根的耐受性。结果显示:随CO2浓度的增加,藻细胞达到最大比生长速率的时间缩短,CO2浓度为15%时藻细胞比生长速率达到最大的时间最短,生物量最终达到最大值4.1 g/L;CO2浓度为15%时藻细胞的固碳率为12.34 mg/(L·h)。研究发现,钝顶螺旋藻能够耐受浓度小于10 mmol/L的亚硝态氮,可将其作为钝顶螺旋藻生长的唯一氮源,但藻生长的延迟期增长。钝顶螺旋藻能够耐受8 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢盐,可将其作为生长的唯一硫源,藻细胞6 d后开始快速增长。