Solidification of tannery wastes

The high chromium concentrations in tannery-wastewater treatment-plant sludges, render them unsuitable for direct disposal. Therefore, one aims to fix the chromium of the tannery waste by adding different additive materials to cause solidification. The properties of the raw sludge were determined and subsequently, the sludge was mixed with cement and additives and left to solidify for 28 days. During the study, 28 different mixtures were prepared and their compressive strengths were determined. Standard elutriation tests were carried out with each solidified sample. Compressive strengths were obtained below the desired concrete strengths. Most of the pollutant parameters in eluate were under the required values.     

堆肥腐熟度的研究进展

评价腐熟度是有关堆肥土地安全利用最重要的问题之一。腐熟度指标可分为三类：物理学指标、化学指标及生物学指标。物理学指标易于检测,常用于描述堆肥过程所处的状态;化学指标得到了广泛研究和应用;堆肥过程是一个生物过程,腐熟度与未腐熟堆肥中植物毒性物质有关,可采用生物学方法进行评价。现在还没有一种公认的堆肥腐熟度指标。采用化学和生物指标综合评价腐熟度是目前最为常用的评价方法。     

堆肥技术及进展

堆肥技术是有机固体废弃物处理和资源化利用的一种有效手段。堆肥系统可分为条垛式、强制通风静态垛式和反应器式三大类。影响堆肥系统运行的主要操作因素有：水分、Ｃ／Ｎ比、调理剂、氧含量、温度和ｐＨ值     

城市垃圾填埋场植树造林试验研究

通过在青岛湖岛垃圾场的现场试验,研究了城市垃圾填埋场上植树造林的方法、适宜树种的筛选以及影响树木成活和生长发育的主要因素。结果指出,垃圾中有机质发酵所产生的甲烷气体是抑制树木成活和生长的关键因素。覆土层除为树木提供支持和生存环境外,还能阻挡甲烷气体的逸出,因此,土层越厚,越有利于树木成活和生长。还对18种木本植物对甲烷气体的耐性进行了筛选。      

企业实施循环经济的战略探讨

本文从循环经济的原则出发,根据国际实践以及中国实行循环经济的实际情况,提出了企业实现循环经济发展的四种战略：清洁生产和全过程污染控制战略、企业生产者责任延伸战略、产业链拓展战略和废弃物综合利用战略,为企业进行循环经济建设提供一定的指导和参考作用。     

Hydrogen sulphide removal from landfill gas

Control of odours should be considered to be a fundamental issue in order to site, design and manage sanitary landfills. With regard to construction and demolition (C&;D) debris, landfilling was the mainly adopted solution in many European Countries; in particular, gypsum drywalls can produce high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) in landfill gas ranging from 7 ppm to 100 ppm. In some cases also dangerous concentrations until to 12,000 ppm were detected. In this paper H₂S removal efficiency in a lab-scale vertical packed scrubber was investigated. Hydrogen sulphide abatement was evaluated for inlet H₂S concentrations of 1000–100–10 ppm, adjusting scrubbing liquid pH in the range 9–12.5 by means of caustic soda (NaOH 2N solution). Moreover, best operating conditions for the system were defined as well as H₂S abatement along the tower and liquid recirculation effectiveness in case of inlet H₂S concentration of 10 ppm (typical odour concentration). Results showed that pH of 11.5 in scrubbing liquid could be considered the best value for removal of different inlet H₂S concentrations, also taking into account parasitical consumption of NaOH due to CO₂ absorption. Moreover, in case of continuous working of the system at H₂S concentration of 10 ppm, strong removal efficiency was already obtained with a packed bed height of about 70 cm. Significant performances were ensured after 1 h of constant activity, consuming about 3 ml of soda per cubic meter of polluted air. Subsequently liquid blowdown was necessary.     

催化快速测定法测定高氯高浓度有机废液的化学需氧量

化学化工等行业产生大量含无机盐的高浓度难降解有机废水,介绍了氯离子浓度和有机物浓度都大大超过测定范围的有机废水COD的测定方法。该方法当氯离子的浓度在20000～60000mg/L时,相对误差在0.15%～5.8%之间;并有较高的精密度,6次平行测定的结果相对标准差<2%;加标回收率为99%～101%;与标准方法相比不存在显著性差异。     

进口含金属物料的固体废物鉴别方法研究

基于已完成的112例进口含金属物料的固体废物鉴别实践,系统地介绍了进口含金属物料的申报品名及各品名所占比例,种类及各种类的特征、固体废物鉴别关键方法和每种鉴别结果所占比例,其中申报品名主要为矿石(砂),所占比例为51.8%;鉴别结果主要为冶炼渣,所占比例为37.5%。提出对于进口的含金属物料,通过测量主要成分和含量、最主要金属元素及典型重金属元素的含量、物相组成、矿相组成,对于极细的粉末等特殊物料,还需要粒度分析等辅助试验,确定其产生来源。如果确定属于金属冶炼过程中产生的副产物、污染控制设施或环境治理过程中产生的物料、含金属废料简单加工处理产物、矿物采选过程中产生的废弃物,那么鉴别物料属于固体废物。     

基于产生来源的固体废物鉴别研究

通过对美国、欧盟和日本的固体废物定义和范围,以及已完成的固体废物鉴别实例的研究,指出固体废物鉴别的关键点在于产生来源分析。提出依据产生来源,固体废物可以分为丧失原有使用价值的物质、生产过程中产生的副产物类物质、环境治理和污染控制过程中产生的物质、其他类物质4大类。如果待鉴别物质的产生来源属于该4大产生来源中的任何一类,则其属于固体废物。     

固体废物加工产物属于产品的条件

借鉴欧盟、经济合作与发展组织、美国提出的固体废物加工产物属于产品需要满足的条件,结合《固体废物鉴别导则(试行)》中鉴别固体废物加工产物不属于固体废物而属于产品时最常用的因素,提出固体废物加工产物属于产品需要同时满足的3个条件,即符合国家、地方或行业通用的产品质量标准,符合国家污染控制标准,以及生产工艺过程和相应设施通过环境影响评价及建设项目竣工环境保护验收,为固体废物加工产物的固体废物监管和鉴别提供参考。