沙蚕生物扰动对河口沉积物中菲释放的影响

生物扰动是一个重要沉积物-水界面过程,影响沉积物中污染物的归趋.为了探究生物扰动对沉积物中多环芳烃释放的影响.在室内进行30 d的沙蚕生物扰动对河口沉积物中菲释放的影响实验.结果表明,相对于对照,生物扰动提高水体中颗粒态菲达到2.96~10.35倍,溶解态菲为9.55~17.44倍.由此可见,沙蚕的生物扰动极大的促进了沉积物中菲向水体释放.在生物扰动处理中,两种形态的菲所占比例不同,其中溶解态菲占释放总量的80%以上,表明沙蚕的生物扰动主要是提高水体中溶解态菲.由于溶解态菲能被生物所利用,通过食物链威胁人类健康.因此,沙蚕生物扰动造成的沉积物中的污染物释放具有潜在的生态风险.     

大型燃煤电站电袋复合除尘器的应用研究

对大型燃煤电站电一袋复合除尘技术进行了较全面的分析研究，如气流组织最优方案确定、脉冲喷吹系统选型及参数优化、粉尘荷电对滤料阻力的影响及高压电源的优选等。研究表明对电袋复合除尘器来说，袋式除尘区采用阶梯式布置是一种较为理想的气流组织方式，活塞式脉冲阀具有更好的清灰性能，粉尘的荷电有助于减小除尘设备的阻力，三相电源的性能优于单相电源。     

Deposition of Inorganic Particulate Aerosols to Vegetation - A New Method of Estimating

A new, direct method was developed for quantifying inorganic particulate aerosols trapped by the forest canopy, and for determining the resulting input of elements to a forest ecosystem. The method is based on direct measurements of only six parameters. Using this method, it is possible to determine the load of aerosols trapped by the forest canopy and deposited to leaves, as well as the load of aerosols falling to the forest floor by impaction on plants. It is also possible to estimate the aerosol input of soluble and insoluble elements to an ecosystem. With this new method it has been found that the load of aerosols trapped by the canopy of a mixed forest located in the Rybnik Coal Basin averaged 189.0 kg x ha-1 x growing season-1, or 39.3% of the total inorganic particles reaching the ecosystem. The trapped aerosols provided 13.4 kg x ha-1 of soluble nitrogen and 0.91 kg x ha-1 of insoluble nitrogen over the growing season. At the same time, the input of soluble nitrogen from the atmosphere with rainfall to an open area averaged 13.9 kg x ha-1, and the input of insoluble nitrogen with inorganic dusts averaged 1.4 kg x ha-1.     

弥散实验确定地下水溶质水动力参数的复形调优法

准确求出地下水污染物迁移的水动力参数，是成功预防并控制地下水污染的重要基础。该文将复形调优法运用于弥散实验中地下水溶质水动力参数的确定，并与其他方法进行比较。结果表明，复形调优法仅需一个观测井的监测资料即可，且计算简便、结果可信，这对提高野外弥散实验的成功率及经济性具一定的积极意义。     

聊古一井地下流体场源兆异常特征及震情预测检验

聊古一井由于其所处的特殊构造部位、良好的水文地质条件、井孔条件和连续可靠的观测,获得了一批有价值的实际地震观测资料,该井水化学组分的异常变化对其周围500 km范围内的5级以上地震具有良好的映震能力。在对聊古一井自1981-01投测以来观测到的水化学地震前兆异常进行综合分析的基础上,探讨了聊古一井水化学异常变化的场源兆特征及异常形成的物理力学机制和地震预报意义。利用上述研究结果,对聊古一井气体总量2003-05~2003-10出现的低值异常变化进行了分析和震情预测,取得较好的效果。     

用反射波法进行桩基无损检测

桩基础质量的检测是保证基础工程安全的重要措施。针对传统的检测方法静荷载试验法和钻孔取芯法存在的设备笨重、成本高、工期长和检测数量少的缺点 ,提出了用反射波法进行桩基无损检测 ,该法较传统的检测法具有成本低、效率高和可靠性高的特点。最后 ,将反射波法用于天津市红桥区工商行大厦砼钻孔灌注桩桩基的无损检测 ,结合实测的桩基速度波分析了检测到的桩基缺陷类型及判断原则。     

Valuing the benefits of the urban forest: a spatial hedonic approach

This paper measures the benefits of the urban forest by examining its effect on housing prices. A Geographic Information System is used to develop a measure of the urban forest, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, from satellite imagery and to construct other variables from a variety of sources. Spatial hedonic housing price models for the Indianapolis/Marion County area are estimated. The models indicate that greener vegetation around a property has a positive, significant effect on housing price, holding everything else constant. This effect is dominated by measures at the neighborhood level. These findings indicate that property owners value the urban forest, at least in part, by the premium they pay to live in neighborhoods with greener, denser vegetation. These findings also indicate that public action to maintain and enhance the urban forest may be warranted. Planners and urban foresters can use these findings to inform public and policy debates over urban forestry programs and proposals.     

攀枝花市攀钢工业区土壤重金属污染特征及评价

本文对攀枝花市攀钢工业区土壤中五种重金属元素（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd）的空间的分布特征、形态分布特征进行了研究，并应用污染负荷指数法对各重金属的污染程度进行了评价。研究发现，Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的最大值与最小值分别相差2．98、3．4、5．2、2．7倍，cd的最大值与最小值甚至相差15．7倍。重金属元素相关性特征可分为Cd—Pb—Zn和Cu—Cr两组。形态分布特征表现在Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr主要以稳定的残渣态存在，Cd主要以可利用性最强的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态存在。污染较严重的是攀钢机关、攀钢原料场。     

Predicting Extinction Risk of Brazilian Atlantic Forest Angiosperms

Understanding how plant life history affects species vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances and environmental change is a major ecological challenge. We examined how vegetation type, growth form, and geographic range size relate to extinction risk throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain. We used a database containing species‐level information of 6,929 angiosperms within 112 families and a molecular‐based working phylogeny. We used decision trees, standard regression, and phylogenetic regression to explore the relationships between species attributes and extinction risk. We found a significant phylogenetic signal in extinction risk. Vegetation type, growth form, and geographic range size were related to species extinction risk, but the effect of growth form was not evident after phylogeny was controlled for. Species restricted to either rocky outcrops or scrub vegetation on sandy coastal plains exhibited the highest extinction risk among vegetation types, a finding that supports the hypothesis that species adapted to resource‐limited environments are more vulnerable to extinction. Among growth forms, epiphytes were associated with the highest extinction risk in non‐phylogenetic regression models, followed by trees, whereas shrubs and climbers were associated with lower extinction risk. However, the higher extinction risk of epiphytes was not significant after correcting for phylogenetic relatedness. Our findings provide new indicators of extinction risk and insights into the mechanisms governing plant vulnerability to extinction in a highly diverse flora where human disturbances are both frequent and widespread. Predicción del Riesgo de Extinción de Angiospermas del Bosque Atlántico Brasileño