珠江水体中细菌碱性磷酸酶基因phoD的多样性

碱性磷酸酶(APase)是最主要的有机磷水解酶,在无机磷匮乏的情况下,APase释放的无机磷供藻类利用,致使藻类大量繁殖,因此,对APase基因多样性的研究有利于揭示对水体富营养化有重要影响的微生物类群.基于此,本文以珠江水体为研究对象,构建了珠江广州段穗石、坦尾和南沙3个点细菌的pho D基因克隆文库.限制性酶切片段多态性(RFLP)分析结果表明,上述3个点的pho D基因分别含有15、17、13个操作分类单元(Operational Taxa Unit,OTU),穗石点的多样性(Shannon指数和Simpson指数)均高于其他两个点;pho D基因序列系统发育分析表明,珠江水体中pho D基因主要来源于Plesiocystis、Limnohabitans、Pirellula等属的细菌,而Limnohabitans属的pho D基因在文库中含量最高,占文库的44%~50%.研究表明,珠江水体中细菌的pho D基因具有较高的多样性,这些基因编码的碱性磷酸酶可能在珠江水体的富营养化过程中有重要的作用.     

纳米级二氧化锰材料阻控土壤砷向水稻迁移的研究

为了探究纳米级二氧化锰材料阻控土壤中砷向水稻迁移的影响,通过盆栽种植水稻,向砷污染土壤中分别添加0%(CK)、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的纳米级二氧化锰材料,分析土壤溶液p H值、砷和锰的含量变化,及水稻中砷和锰的含量变化.结果表明:添加不同浓度的纳米级二氧化锰材料,土壤溶液pH值没有显著变化,土壤溶液中砷、锰的浓度随着水稻生长的时间增加而降低;不同时期水稻中砷和锰的分布规律是根部茎部叶部糙米,水稻植株中锰和砷的含量呈显著负相关(p0.05);不同浓度的纳米级二氧化锰材料能有效控制水稻糙米中总砷含量,其中1.0%添加量的阻控效果最好,使糙米中总砷含量降低了65.4%,其无机砷含量低于《食品中污染物限量(GB2762—2012)》中砷限量.     

酸性冲击对微生物电解产氢阳极菌群影响及功能基因变化解析

微生物电解产氢工艺是借助能够直接与电极传递电子的功能菌在阳极降解有机质并将产生的电子在阴极与质子结合回收氢气能源的新技术.采用市政废水在固定外加电压相同条件下直接启动15个反应器,以葡萄糖为碳源驯化获得电极功能菌群,稳定运行1个月获得反应器稳定产氢和伴随产甲烷效能.初始稳定时采用pH为7的磷酸盐缓冲液可以获得稳定的产气量,平行反应器表现出不同的氢气和甲烷产量.最高产氢反应器的氢气转化率为32.2%,氢气产率为(3.9±0.6)mol·mol-1(以每mol葡萄糖产生的H2量(mol)计,下同);相同条件下最低产氢效率反应器的甲烷转化率则可达到48.4%.通过48 h阳极生物膜的酸性冲击试验对阳极菌群功能恢复效果进行分析,发现消除冲击10~15 d反应器的电子传递效率得到恢复,但功能菌群多样性增加,氢气与甲烷比例发生变化.最高产氢反应器氢气产率降低1.8 mol·mol-1,而甲烷增量为0.4 mol·mol-1(以每mol葡萄糖产生的CH4量(mol)计,下同).通过关键功能基因分析发现,初始产氢效能高的反应器功能菌群中电子传递功能菌优势较大;阳极功能菌群受到短暂酸性冲击后,基于细胞色素C基因的相关菌群能够较快恢复,其电子传递能力恢复更快;与碳源降解和产甲烷相关基因群落受酸性冲击后变化较为显著,甲烷增量与氢气减少量基本符合反应计量关系.     

Remediation effect of compost on soluble mercury transfer in a crop of Phaseolus vulgaris

We studied the dynamics of mercury (Hg) transfer in Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in soil with Hg-doped compost at the maximum levels permitted by Colombian law on organic amendments. Quantitative evaluation of transfer was made in different plant organs: roots, stem, leaves, pods and seeds. Matrix effect was determined in doped soil assays, using soil with and without addition of compost. Results showed that the use of organic matter reduced Hg transfer to the plant and the amount transferred was differentially distributed to the organs. We observed an inverse relationship between concentration and distance from the body to the root. It was evident that transfer was mediated by quantitative factors; the greater the presence of mercury in soil, the larger the amount that will be transferred. Results also indicate the remedial effect of compost and the presence of a barrier, at the root level, against mercury translocation to the plant aerial parts.     

Remediation effect of compost on soluble mercury transfer in a crop of Phaseolus vulgaris

We studied the dynamics of mercury (Hg) transfer in Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in soil with Hg-doped compost at the maximum levels permitted by Colombian law on organic amendments. Quantitative evaluation of transfer was made in different plant organs: roots, stem, leaves, pods and seeds. Matrix effect was determined in doped soil assays, using soil with and without addition of compost. Results showed that the use of organic matter reduced Hg transfer to the plant and the amount transferred was differentially distributed to the organs. We observed an inverse relationship between concentration and distance from the body to the root. It was evident that transfer was mediated by quantitative factors; the greater the presence of mercury in soil, the larger the amount that will be transferred. Results also indicate the remedial effect of compost and the presence of a barrier, at the root level, against mercury translocation to the plant aerial parts.     

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques,including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

Impacts of produced water origin on bacterial community structures of activated sludge

The purpose of this study was to reveal how activated sludge communities respond to influent quality and indigenous communities by treating two produced waters from different origins in a batch reactor in succession. The community shift and compositions were investigated using Polymerase Chain Reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR–DGGE) and further16 S ribosomal DNA(r DNA) clone library analysis. The abundance of targeted genes for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) degradation, nah Ac/phn Ac and C12O/C23 O, was tracked to define the metabolic ability of the in situ microbial community by Most Probable Number(MPN) PCR. The biosystem performed almost the same for treatment of both produced waters in terms of removals of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and PAHs. Sludge communities were closely associated with the respective influent bacterial communities(similarity 60%), while one sludge clone library was dominated by the Betaproteobacteria(38%) and Bacteriodetes(30%)and the other was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria(52%). This suggested that different influent and water quality have an effect on sludge community compositions. In addition, the existence of catabolic genes in sludge was consistent with the potential for degradation of PAHs in the treatment of both produced waters.     

外置双U型静钻根植工法能源桩换热性能研究∗

为探究外置双U型静钻根植工法能源桩换热性能,通过现场热响应试验,利用热源理论初步分析其岩土综合导热系数,建立三维传热数值模型并进行验证。利用三维传热数值模型分析换热管间距及其导热系数、换热液流速和桩周水泥土导热系数等因素对该新型桩换热性能的影响。分析结果表明,试桩区域岩土综合导热系数为1.64W(m·K)-1。提高换热管间距、换热管导热系数、换热液流速和桩周水泥土导热系数均能提高能源桩的换热性能,但当换热管间距大于0.25 m,换热液流速达到紊流态,换热管和桩周水泥土导热系数高于岩土综合导热系数后,提高上述参数对能源桩换热性能的提高贡献不大。     

总溶解性固体及表面活性剂对微孔曝气氧传质过程影响的中试研究

污水中总溶解性固体(TDS)与表面活性剂的浓度是影响微孔曝气性能的两个重要的因素.本研究以中试为基础,分别研究了TDS及表面活性剂浓度变化对微孔曝气氧传质过程中氧转移系数(KLa)的影响.当TDS浓度在0～1000mg·L-1变化时,氧转移系数KLa变化甚微;当TDS浓度从2000mg·L-1增加到8000mg·L-1时,KLa明显增大;当TDS浓度高于8000mg·L-1时,KLa趋于平缓.当表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS))的浓度在0～20mg·L-1变化时,KLa先减小,后增大.     

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from wastewater irrigated area, Beijing-Tianjin city cluster, China

The possible health risks of heavy metals contamination to local population through food chain were evaluated in Beijing and Tianjin city cluster, China, where have a long history of sewage irrigation. The transfer factors (TF) for heavy metals from soil to vegetables for six elements including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As and Cd were calculated and the pollution load indexes (PLI) were also assessed. Results indicate that only Cd exceeded the maximum acceptable limit in these sites. So far, the heavy metal concentrations in soils and vegetables were all below the permissible limits set by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China and World Health Organization. The transfer factors of six heavy metals showed the trend as Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cr, which were dependent on the vegetable species. The estimated dietary intakes of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As and Cd were far below the tolerable limits and the target hazard quotient (THQ) values were less than 1, which suggested that the health risks of heavy metals exposure through consuming vegetables were generally assumed to be safe.