电气石和微生物对水溶液中铅吸附研究

论文探讨了电气石、不同微生物、以及电气石与枯草芽孢杆菌(Baccillus subtilis,简写B.subtilis)联合对Pb2+的吸附效果。研究表明,溶液pH=5时,电气石吸附效率比B.subtilis高7.9％,当溶液pH值升到55时,B.subtilis和电气石对Pb2+的吸附效率均升高,但B.subtili...     

不同生态系统土壤生化特征及其与土壤呼吸和N2O排放的关系

通过室内培养实验,研究了不同生态系统土壤生化特征及其对土壤呼吸和N2O排放的影响.结果表明,不同生态系统土壤的生化特征不同,土壤呼吸和N2O排放也不相同.一般果园细菌数量最多,草地放线菌数量最多,林地真菌数量最多,而竹园细菌放线菌数量最少,果园真菌最少;微生物碳氮含量一般果园>林地>农田.相关分析表明细菌数量与微生物碳氮呈显著正相关,放线菌数量与土壤有机碳和全氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而真菌数量仅与全氮含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05).土壤呼吸累积排放量从高到低为果园>竹林>农田>林地>草地.N2O累积排放量为农田>果园>草地>林地>竹林.土壤呼吸与细菌、微生物碳氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤的N2O排放与三大微生物、铵态氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05).逐步回归分析表明土壤呼吸主要取决于土壤细菌数量和pH的变化;土壤N2O排放主要取决于土壤细菌数量和铵态氮含量的变化.     

优势微生物菌群消减有机污泥作用效果分析

本文阐述用优势微生物菌群消解有机污泥的作用效果及原因,指出了优势菌群的构成类别和消解特点。实验结果表明,污泥消解率可达到55%,且过程对出水水质不产生负面影响,水质指标均符合GB18918-2002要求。     

Effect of some herbicides on activities of microorganisms and enzymes in soil

Abstract

Laboratory tests were conducted with eight herbicides, atrazine, butylate, ethalfluralin, imazethapyr, linuron, metolachlor, metribuzin and trifluralin, applied to a loamy sand at rate of 10 μg/g to determine if these materials caused any serious effects on microbial and enzymatic activities related to soil fertility. Some herbicides showed an effect on bacteria and fungi for the first week of incubation, but, subsequently, the populations returned to levels similar to those obtained in the controls. After several herbicide treatments there appeared to cause a slight depression of nitrification. Sulfur oxidation was better than that obtained with untreated soil in all treatments. Oxygen consumption was increased significantly after 96 hr incubation with atrazine. The soil dehydrogenase and amylase activities were inhibited by ethalfluralin treatment respectively for 1 wk and 1 day, and p‐nitrophenol liberation was inhibited for 2 hrs by all herbicide treatments. Results indicated that the herbicidal treatments at the level tested were not drastic enough to be considered deleterious to soil microbial and enzymatic activities which are important to soil fertility.     

Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Able to Grow on the Polyester Amide BAK 1095

The polyester amide BAK 1095 is fully degraded by microorganisms. Bacteria that can grow on this polymer were isolated from various environments, such as freshwater, saltwater, arable land, woodland and compost. The mechanism of polymer degradation was examined using selected isolates. It was discovered that the bacteria selectively cleave the polymer at its ester bonds, releasing low-molecular water-soluble oligoamides. These can then be metabolised by other microorganisms [1, 2, 3]. The isolates were also tested for their ability to break down other ester-containing polymers such as Degranil W 50, a linear polyester urethane urea. Eight of the 12 strains examined were also able to break down this polymer.The isolated microorganisms predominantly belong to the genus Bacillus. Mesophilic, halophilic and thermophilic species were isolated. The studies show that polyester amide-degrading bacteria occur in numerous ecosystems and provide data on the microbial breakdown of random copolymers. Information was also obtained on the mechanism involved in the microbial breakdown of polyester amides.     

Science and the Consequences of Mistruct: Lessons from Recent GM Controversies

In 2001, it was announced thattransgenic DNA had introgressed intotraditional strains of maize in Mexico. Acontroversy erupted and raged throughout 2001and 2002. This episode represents an acutebreakdown in scientific discourse. Given thestakes in the genetically modified organismdebate, a breakdown in scientific discourse isalarming. The following inquiry looks into thecauses of this breakdown. Ultimately, it willbe argued that the underlying problem is thecurrent institutional structure of science,particularly in the United States. If thediagnosis is correct, then the proper course oftreatment is to pursue a program ofinstitutional reconstruction.     

对苯二甲酸降解菌固定化生物流化床处理精对苯二甲酸废水

采用微生物筛选、纯化技术，获得了降解对苯二甲酸（TA）的YPC—TA1，YPC—TA2，YPC-TA3，YPC—TA44株菌株。将筛选出的TA降解菌固定化，处理初始TA质量浓度为2650mg／L的模拟废水，降解36h后TA去除率达100％。用TA降解芮在生物流化床反应器中处理PTA废水，最佳容积负荷为6.7kg／（m^3·d）。生物流化床反应器可在容积负荷为6．0～6．5kg／（m^3·d）的较佳条件下长周期稳定运行，COD去除率保持在91％左右，TA去除率保持在94％左右。低pH废水冲击和高容积负荷废水冲击时COD，TA去除率均明显下降，恢复正常讲水后3～4d，COD，TA去除率均恢复正常。     

SBR处理铁路洗涤废水试验研究

铁路洗涤废水中含有的主要污染物直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)是我国环境标准中第2类污染物质.目前,铁路洗涤废水的处理以物理和化学法为主,存在效果不稳定、成本较高和工艺复杂等问题,急需寻求一种适合铁路洗涤废水特点的处理工艺.用SBR小试装置进行铁路洗涤废水处理实验研究,并且投加LAS降解菌于SBR中,进行了工艺参数的确定,处理效果考察和投菌前后对比等方面的初步研究.     

BOD微生物膜的再利用研究初探

对失去大部分活性的微生物膜进行再培养，以研究膜再利用的可能性。试验结果初部表明：在1／2MS培养基中加入一定量的植物激素，不仅可以使膜的电位值（I0）显著升高，且活性强，稳定性好，可使膜重复利用。     

聚乙二醇和海藻酸钠混合固定化硝化细菌研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)和海藻酸钠(SA)作为混合固定化载体材料对硝化细菌进行包埋固定化.结果表明,PEG和SA质量分数分别为6％和4％时,其溶液黏稠度、成球效果及机械强度、传质性能等方面都均为最佳.另外,固定化小球扫描电镜显示球体为外密内疏的结构,这满足体内细胞泄漏少、外面细胞难以进入的条件.将所得最佳性能的固定化小球与游离菌体进行模拟废水降解对比试验,经过7d处理后废水中氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度都明显下降,且固定化颗粒的降解率要明显高于游离菌株,此时氨氮的去除率为90％,亚硝态氮去除率为80％.