基于水文地球化学信息和环境同位素的地下热水成因分析

以海南省乐东县福报地热田内分布的基岩热水井为研究对象,利用水文地球化学信息和环境同位素技术分析地下热水的形成机制。结果显示,本区地下热水以高偏硅酸、低矿化度为特征,水化类型为HCO_3-Ca型。氢氧同位素特征、Cl-SO_4-HCO_3及Na-K-Mg三线图表明,本区地下热水主要来源于大气降水,受地壳深部地热水影响较少。地下热水中~3H、~(14)C同位素年龄测定结果表明区域地下热水不存在大尺度的径流模型,且在出露过程中混入了常温水。     

A NEW CHALLENGE FOR WESTERN WATER SUPPLIES1

ABSTRACT: In many of the limited water resource areas of the western United States most water supplies have been put to beneficial uses. Energy, a fast expanding high-priority water use, is making challenging demands for these limited supplies. Can water supplies be stretched, supplemented, or redirected so that present uses can be maintained and energy water needs satisfied? The Bureau of Reclamation is investigating innovative methods of water management, reregulation, and use to meet these demands. Related programs under study include potentials for: development of additional hydroelectric power, installation of low-head turbines in western water courses, utilization of pumped storage and underground storage, use of geo-thermal heat, extension of water supplies through more efficient irrigation systems and practices, and weather modification.     

WATER SUPPLY DILEMMAS OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE IMPERIAL VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA1

Abstract: There are four known geothermal resource areas in the Imperial Valley that have a combined potential of over 4,000 megawatts of electrical energy for 25 years. Water resources available to support geothermal enerfy development are imprted Colorado River water, agricultural waste waters, Salton Sea water, and groundwater. In addtion, geothermal power plants can produce their own cooling water from steam condensate. Nevertheless, the relatively high water requirements of geothermal facilities along with a series of real and potential constraints may cause water supply dilemmas involving both the acquistion and use of cooling water. Important constraints are institutional policies, water supply costs, technical problems, and impacts upon the Salton Sea. These constranits and related dilemmas are examined in light of relevanty information on the valley's water resources, geothermal resources and energy technologies, cooling water requrements, and water supply options.     

地热开发利用的环境质量评价

针对地热能资源的特点，结合实验调查与研究结果，探讨了地热开发利用过程对环境可能造成的影响，主要包括化学污染、热污染、地面沉降以及其它社会和经济等问题。本文探讨了地热环境质量评价的方法与程序，指出环境质量评介在地热开发利用中的重要性。     

The Potential of Geothermal Systems in Kenya for Balneological Use

Curative properties of geothermal waters are highly valued in several countries around the world, including China, Iceland, and middle and Eastern European states. Natural hotsprings and fumaroles found in various parts of Kenya have been utilised by the local residents for worship and offering of sacrifices, particularly when afflicted with ailments that were difficult to cure. At the Lake Bogoria Hotel, natural hot water is directed towards a swimming pool, in which hotel guests like to bathe. The major element chemistry of some of the geothermal waters in Kenya is similar to that of waters used at established balneological sites in other parts of the world. Trace element concentrations are less well known. More research is required to understand the factors that impart curative qualities to geothermal waters. Kenya has been developing its geothermal systems for electricity generation, but should also evaluate the different sites for balneological applications.     

西藏高温地热显示区氟分布及富集特征

通过对西藏高温地热显示区内12个主要地热田采集的地热、地表水样共30组测试和分析可知,研究区氟含量0.34~19.2mg/L,地下热水中氟含量均高于2.0mg/L,研究区南部氟含量较北区偏高.氟含量高区,地热显示较明显.氟离子在水化学类型为Cl-Na或Cl×SO4-Na等Na型水中富集程度高于HCO3-Na×Ca或HCO3-Ca等Ca型水.研究区高氟地热水的富集机制主要有:深部地热流体的升流混合作用,补给水向下渗流过程中含氟硅酸盐矿物、萤石的溶滤作用.两种机制相比,深部热流的混合作用对地下水形成高浓度F-的贡献更大,但矿物的溶滤作用相对而言更为普遍些.研究区砷的富集机制与氟相似,这也使得二者在空间分布上具有共生性.应加强高氟高砷区地热水的管理与防护,防止其污染地表水环境.     

五大连池火山危险性分析

针对五大连池火山危险性问题进行了一系列的地球物理反演和分析,通过对现代岩交流心概念和国外活火山实例剖析,采用岩浆固结的Ｓｔｅｆａｎ问题的葩演了岩浆房的固结曲线和固结时间：引入ＳＦＴ理论探讨了五大连池火山岩浆碎屑化机制;利用壳幔结构化Ｒ值的分析方法分析了五大连池火山区地壳稳定性;采用火山区卫星重力异常剖面的分析方法探讨了五大连池火山区地幔物质活动性,结合五大连池火山现代喷发的史料分析,模拟了五连池火     

试述汶川8．0级地震我国“十五”地热观测网的映震情况

2008年5月12日汶川8．0级地震的地震异常信息是否在我国现有的技术手段中有明显的异常体现,引起了人们的思考。本文用收集到的全国“十五”地热观测网中的190个地热前兆观测点的数据资料,对汶川8．0级地震的映震情况进行分析。结果30个观测点震前有前兆异常,86个观测点有同震响应及震后调整。其中有前兆异常的观测点仅占16％,震中距〈1100km出现前兆异常观测点占全部异常点（30个）的77％,占震中距〈1100km观测点（83个）的28％。由此分析了我国地热观测的现状及预测实践中存在的不足。例如观测孔勘选不理想有待筛选改进,数据资源私有应在全国及时实现资源共享等问题。     

山东济南北部地热田富水规律分析

为查明济南北部地热田的富水规律,并为该地区的地热资源开发提供科学指导,通过对该地区的钻探、物探以及水化学等资料的分析,查明了该区地热田的大致范围为:南起济南岩体,北到齐河—广饶断裂,西起焦斌—庙廊断裂,东至鸡山断裂,总面积约770 km2。济南北部地热田的热源主要来源于北部齐河—广饶断裂沟通深部热源,济南岩浆岩的侵入作用对地热资源的形成也起到积极作用。地热水主要赋存于北东向与近东西向断裂构造的破碎带及附近,深部灰岩热储的岩溶发育较差。     

综合开发胶东半岛地热资源的几点建议

胶东半岛温泉属中低温对流型水热系统,温泉受构造控制,地热资源量有限,但作为辅助能源和多用途的高温水资源,有重大的开发意义。根据该区地热资源特征和现有的经济技术条件,笔者提出了四点综合开发建议