浙江省资源安全策略初探

随着浙江省城市化、工业化进程的加快,自然资源特别是水土资源的紧缺,已对全省经济和社会的可持续发展构成严重威胁。基于这样一个背景,文章以浙江省为研究对象,从区域资源安全的内涵出发,在分析了省域资源条件及供给现状的基础上,提出了构建区域资源安全体系的总体思路。根据浙江省的省情特点,构建区域资源安全体系的途径主要从建立集约型的区域资源利用体系、建立开放型的自然资源供给体系、建立综合型的资源安全保育体系、建立适用型的资源技术体系、建立预警型的资源管理体系等5个方面入手。     

燃煤流化床钙基脱硫剂对NO转变率的影响及机理

在φ150mm×1000mm流化床试验台上,温度区间840℃～960℃,研究了钙基脱硫剂品种、粒径和Ca/S比对NO转变率的影响.阐述了钙基脱硫剂使NO转变率增加机理试验发现,同等质量钙基脱硫剂使NO增加的次序为氧化钙、石灰石、方解石;Ca/S比越大,NO转变率越高;粒径为1～2mm时NO转变率最大,2～3mm时次之,0.2～1mm时最小.加入脱硫剂降低了HCl、HF、SO₂的浓度,导致O、H、HO₂浓度升高,CO的氧化反应加速,在床料、燃料灰催化作用下CO与NO的反应减慢,最终导致NO浓度升高.     

水体富营养化及其防治

由于人类活动的影响,氮磷等营养物质大量排入水体并在其中不断积累,引起部分藻类和水生生物过度繁殖,造成水体的富营养化.本文对水体富营养化的形成机理、危害作了简要概述,着重从控制外源输入、降低内源负荷、去除营养物等三个方面,对现有的水体富营养化防治措施进行了概括和比较,并讨论了相应的发展方向,提出了综合防治策略.     

骆马湖富营养化调查

骆马湖为一浅水湖泊,具有典型的过水性特征,其已经处于中—富营养化阶段。通过对骆马湖富营养化发生机制的研究,发现入湖河道携入大量营养物质入湖和水生植物的破坏是骆马湖富营养化进程加快的主要原因。并提出了控制骆马湖富营养化的一些措施:控制外源污染物入湖、加强湖滨湿地建设和水生植物的保护、合理的水库调度以及湖泊内部的生物治理。     

Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2用于烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

首先分析了亚铁和二巯基丙烷硫酸根[Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2]化合物的脱硝机理,NO的脱除主要基于其与Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2生成亚硝酰基化合物.对鼓泡反应器中吸收传质机理的研究表明,化学反应速率和传质速率对脱硝过程有重要影响.同时探讨了液气比、烟气中NO浓度、烟气流速和pH值等因素对脱硝效果的影响,还讨论了Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2的再生方法.提出了该方法存在的问题.     

生物制氢系统及其产氢机制

讨论了光合成生物制氢系统、光分解生物制氢系统、水气交换反应生物制氢系统、光合-发酵杂交生物制氢系统和厌氧发酵生物制氢系统、离体氢酶生物制氢系统等6个生物制氢系统,并讨论了产氢机制。     

环境监测质量保证工作的有效开展

主要对环境监测质量保证工作中出现的问题进行了阐述，并就如何有效开展环境监测质量保证工作提出了几点建议。     

微生物异化还原针铁矿过程中4-硝基苯乙酮降解动力学特征及机理初探

以硝基类有机污染物为研究对象,探讨了在多相界面(矿物相/生物相)反应体系及纯生物相反应体系中4-硝基苯乙酮微生物还原动力学特征,同时对"针铁矿-微生物-4-硝基苯乙酮"相互作用机制进行了初步阐明.结果表明,2-磺酸钠蒽醌(AQS)对4-硝基苯乙酮微生物还原降解速率有显著的促进作用;不同反应体系中还原降解产物4-氨基苯乙酮含量(μmol·L-1)的对数值和反应时间(h)之间均呈典型的动力学一级增长模式(ExpGro1 Mode),ExpGro1模型拟合的校正R2系数(R2adj)在0.9699～0.9894之间.针铁矿介导下的多相界面反应体系中,4-硝基苯乙酮微生物还原过程可分为耦合的两个子过程,即针铁矿的微生物还原解离过程和吸附态Fe(Ⅱ)调控下的非生物还原过程.不同浓度的AQS以及反应体系中针铁矿的介入,导致4-硝基苯乙酮微生物还原反应所需"活化时间"存在一定程度的差异.研究进一步证实,针铁矿还原解离过程生成的吸附态活性Fe("Ι)在4-硝基苯乙酮微生物还原过程中起到了至关重要的作用.     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

The effect of N2/CO2 blend ratios on the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors of coal particles: Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses

The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of various CO₂/N₂ ratios on coal pyrolysis and combustion properties and to provide theoretical guidance for better preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf. The dynamic pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of DX coal were analyzed by using a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in a constant oxygen atmosphere with different CO₂/N₂ blend ratios. The Málek method combining Coats-Redfern and Achar methods was used to determine the most probable mechanism functions. CO₂ containing atmospheres increased characteristic temperatures, burnout rate, maximum mass loss rate and comprehensive combustion performance index compared to O₂/N₂ atmospheres. In stages I-III, a lower apparent activation energy was observed in O₂/CO₂ atmospheres. Apparent activation energy and enthalpy changes showed upward trends in the reaction stage (I→III→IV), whereas Gibbs free energy change and entropy change decreased. The dynamic pyrolysis and combustion of DX coal necessitated increased energy in environment with a CO₂/N₂ ratio of 4:6, revealing the optimal inhibitory effect on DX coal with this particular ratio.