Coastal zone management – between politics and law: new guidelines for differentiated management of the shore zone in Norway

Norway has more than 100,000?km of coastline and associated shore zone. The shore zone is an attractive area for development and infrastructure on the one hand, and recreation and protection of biological diversity on the other. The Norwegian Planning and Building Act contains a general ban on any building in the area between the ordinary high water mark and up to 100?m inland from the shoreline. Exemptions can be granted, however, by the competent municipality through land planning and individual decisions. The importance attached to leaving the shore zone untouched varies from region to region. There are large geographical differences in terms of biodiversity, cultural heritage, landscape, development, development pressure, migration and depopulation, and commercial activity, as well as public access to the coastal areas and the ocean. Since 2011, the entire Norwegian shore zone became subject to guidelines that regulate a geographical differentiation of management and a more severe protection of central areas. This article analyses key aspects of the Norwegian shore zone regulation.     

海河下游塘沽段生态堤岸设计导则

针对海河下游塘沽段堤岸现状,提出该河段堤岸设计导则。该导则适用于从城市高密区到城乡结合区、滨河约15～80m宽度范围,便于城市规划人员在具体地块设计中选用并衍生发展。导则内容包括:(1)导引表;(2)9种堤岸和滨水道路断面推荐设计,根据近岸有无防洪缓冲带、近岸道路特征及护岸形式划分;(3)7种推荐护岸做法,如石笼沉排柔性缓坡护岸、连根树桩与截柳杆柔性缓坡护岸等。导则所推荐的亲水型生态堤岸,可兼顾防洪和河流水质改善作用,有效降低堤防高度,提高河滨人居质量。     

Applications of Numerical Sediment Quality Targets for Assessing Sediment Quality Conditions in a US Great Lakes Area of Concern

Contaminated sediments are receiving increasing recognition around the world, leading to the development of various sediment quality indicators for assessment, management, remediation, and restoration efforts. Sediment chemistry represents an important indicator of ecosystem health, with the concentrations of contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) providing measurable characteristics for this indicator. The St. Louis River Area of Concern (AOC), located in the western arm of Lake Superior, provides a case study for how numerical sediment quality targets (SQTs) for the protection of sediment-dwelling organisms can be used to support the interpretation of sediment chemistry data. Two types of SQTs have been established for 33 COPCs in the St. Louis River AOC. The Level I SQTs define the concentrations of contaminants below which sediment toxicity is unlikely to occur, whereas the Level II SQTs represent the concentrations that, if exceeded, are likely to be associated with sediment toxicity. The numerical SQTs provide useful tools for making sediment management decisions, especially when considered as part of a weight-of-evidence approach that includes other sediment quality indicators, such as sediment contaminant chemistry and geochemical characteristics, sediment toxicity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. The recommended applications of using the numerical SQTs in the St. Louis River AOC include: designing monitoring programs, interpreting sediment chemistry data, conducting ecological risk assessments, and developing site-specific sediment quality remediation targets for small, simple sites where adverse biological effects are likely. Other jurisdictions may benefit from using these recommended applications in their own sediment quality programs.     

Humanitarian Daily Rations: the need for evaluation and guidelines

Over 13 million Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDRs) have been distributed by NGOs, international organisations and the US military since 1993. In that time, not a single technical end-user study of HDRs has been published. Nor have practical guidelines been established for HDR distribution or use. This paper seeks to establish a baseline of knowledge concerning HDRs, surveying their history, composition and distribution. Criticisms of the ration are reviewed. A comprehensive evaluation is required to understand and improve HDR distribution, end-use, perceptions, design and nutritional contents. HDRs must also be added to technical guidelines on planning nutritionally adequate rations.     

环境影响评价技术导则浅析

环境影响评价本身是一种科学方法和技术手段,并通过理论研究和实践检验不断改进、拓展和完善,同时环境影响评价又是必须履行的法律义务,是需要有环境保护行政主管部门审批的一项法律制度。因此,为了规范环境影响评价技术和指导开展环境影响评价工作,国家制定环境影响评价技术导则成为最为直接和有效的管理措施。本文在简要介绍环境影响评价内涵及其理论发展的基础上,着重对大气、地表水和生态的环境影响评价技术导则要点进行了分析与归纳。     

滇池外海底泥重金属污染分布特征及风险评价

采用底泥质量标准(SQGs)法和潜在生态风险(RI)法对滇池外海22个点位20cm柱状底泥中重金属As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu浓度分布及潜在生态风险进行了研究.结果表明,Pb的最高浓度达319mg/kg,9个点位超过风险评价中值或高概率效应浓度,是超标最严重的重金属.各元素污染程度顺序为PbCuHgAsCdCrZn.Pb、Cu、Hg的污染层为15~20cm,其余重金属污染层为10~15cm.潜在生态风险(RI)评价表明,滇池外海底泥重金属污染总体处于中等生态风险水平,北部为"强"等级,潜在风险顺序为HgCdAsPbCuCrZn.两种方法的评价结果具有一定的差异性,在实际应用中需结合起来使用.此外,滇池底泥重金属浓度与潜在生态风险表现出一致的区域性差异,即北部大于南部,西部大于东部.     

Mental and social health in disasters: the Sphere standards and post‐tsunami psychosocial interventions in Asia

The primary objective of this paper is to examine and inform the mental health and psychosocial support standards of the 2011 edition of the Sphere Project's Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response. This is done through a qualitative analysis of internal evaluation documents, reflecting four long‐term humanitarian psychosocial programmes in different countries in post‐tsunami Asia. The analysis yielded three overall conclusions. First, the Sphere standards on mental health and psychosocial support generally are highly relevant to long‐term psychosocial interventions after disasters such as the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004, and their application in such settings may improve the quality of the response. Second, some of the standards in the current Sphere handbook may lack sufficient guidance to ensure the quality of humanitarian response required. Third, the long‐term intervention approach poses specific challenges to programming, a problem that could be addressed by including additional guidance in the publication.     

2018版大气环评导则技术复核研究——以垃圾焚烧厂为例

为了规范《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》(HJ 2.2—2018)发布后的大气环境影响评价技术复核工作,本研究结合2018版大气导则要求,制定了大气环境影响评价技术复核路线图,总结了基础数据、模型参数、预测结果等方面的复核要点,建立了大气环评技术复核体系,并以A市、H市、Q市、R市垃圾焚烧厂环评报告为案例,开展大气环境影响评价技术复核研究,归纳了复核案例中的常见问题,以期为评估机构、环评单位提供技术参考。     

Organochlorinated pesticides in sediments from the Lake Albufera of Valencia (Spain)

Bottom sediment samples from 121 sites of the Lake Albufera of Valencia were analyzed. Dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and op′-DDT were not detected (<0.01 ng g⁻¹) in 88–93% of the sites. Aldrin and HCB concentration ranges were between <0.01 and 0.1 ng g⁻¹ in 86% and 94% of the sites, respectively. Heptachlor-epoxide and lindane 95% confidence intervals were 0.2–0.5 and 0.06–0.12, respectively. The greatest average concentration corresponds to pp′-DDE, pp′-DDD and pp′-DDT. The sum of six isomers and derivatives of the DDT average concentration reaches 2.1 ng g⁻¹, as opposed to 2.7 ng g⁻¹ for the sum of 13 pesticides considered. In the site with a major contamination, 27.0 ng g⁻¹ of pp′-DDD and 12.8 ng g⁻¹ of pp′-DDT were accumulated. The DDE:DDT proportion average was 0.37, indicating an aged DDT contamination. Concentrations of pesticides in sediments were compared to three sediment quality guidelines, and indicated that a low biological effects level can be expected in either sediments or aquatic organisms.