煤矿环境噪声对居民健康影响的调查

参照国家环境噪声标准,在西山官地矿,选择了噪声在５０ｄＢ（Ａ）以下两类居民区,对１６岁上的居民选２５６名为本次调查对象。监测结果,户外最７５ｄＢ（Ａ）,均超过国家规定标准。在５０ｄＢ（Ａ）以上的环境下生活、工作和学习的居民神经系统和听力均有不同程度的损伤,而且损伤程度与居住年限有密切关系。神衰阳性率１０年以上者,５０ｄＢ（Ａ）以上３４．２８％,５０ｄＢ（Ａ）以下为１３．５５％。语频听损检出率５０ｄ     

火灾预防与控制技术实施中成本与效益的研究

用经济学的基本理论与方法分析了方法技术实施中成本与效益的关系,重点研究了合理投资及最佳投资的确定原理与方法,为人们综合考虑的防火投资的经济效益和系统的安全性提供了一个理论指导。     

基于不同方法的水生态健康评估 ——以北京市典型水体为例

在北京选择密云水库、昆明湖、福海和北运河水系河流等9个典型水体,利用基于不同水生生物的多样性指数法和综合指数法开展水生态健康评价.结果表明,基于浮游植物和底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数所指示的水生态状况分别对应轻污染～中污染和中污染～重污染等级,而结合生境、水质和水生生物指标的两项综合指数反映出的水生...     

湖泊生态系统健康评价方法研究

以生态系统健康、生态系统完整性和湖泊内物质循环为基础,在国内外已有的研究基础上,提出了评价湖泊生态系统健康的方法体系、指标和综合健康指数,评价指标包含外部指标、环境要素状态指标和生态指标,并以滇池为例进行评价.1988年、1994年和2001年,滇池的生态系统健康指数从0 847下降到0 814和0 787,这说明滇池的生态系统健康状况在下降,且已处在一种稳定的富营养化状态.     

室内空气污染危害及其净化技术研究进展

随着中国居民居住条件的不断改善,室内空气污染已成为重要的环境问题得到越来越多的关注.分析了室内空气污染物的主要来源、种类及其对人体健康的主要危害,对国内外室内空气污染净化技术按照作用原理进行了归纳,分析了不同方法的优缺点.最后展望了室内空气污染净化技术的发展前景.     

氰渣豁免处置情景下的地下水污染与健康风险

以典型危险废物-氰渣为例,选择华北地区 9座处置氰渣的一般工业固废填埋场(NISWL)作为研究对象,通过系统采样、浸出特征分析和过程模型模拟等方法预测了氰渣在NISWL豁免处置条件下的地下水污染特征和健康风险及长期演化规律.结果表明,除NISWL A和NISWL B外,其余7座NISWL由于填埋工程材料老化长期渗漏导致...     

长江岳阳段水环境健康风险评价

为研究长江岳阳段水环境污染对人体健康产生的危害风险,根据2008-2012年长江岳阳段水质监测数据,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型,对长江岳阳段通过饮用水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价。结果表明:总健康风险在1.64×10-5~2.25×10-5a-1之间,平均为1.91×10-5a-1,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平5×10-5a-1,对照水环境健康风险等级划分标准,长江岳阳段水环境健康风险为较低健康风险;化学致癌物质健康风险AsCd、平水期丰水期枯水期,非致癌物质健康风险氟化物CuNH3-NZn、枯水期丰水期平水期;总健康风险主要来自化学致癌物质,其中As为主要风险污染物,因此化学致癌物质尤其是As应作为风险决策管理的重点对象。     

Water quality indices appraisal and health risk assessment of nitrate,mercury and lead in water distribution network: A case study of Robat Karim in Tehran,Iran

Groundwater is a basic source of drinking water supply for urban and rural areas. This is especially the case for communities located in arid and semi-arid regions that rely on groundwater for drinking purposes. The present study set out to assess the potential health impacts of water impurities and to investigate the qualitative status of drinking water in Robat Karim rural areas, located in southwest Tehran, Iran. A total of 66 samples were collected from the water distribution network of 11 villages (33 sampling points, on two occasions) during September 2020 and were tested in terms of the most common quality parameters such as pH, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chloride (Cl^–), chlorate (ClO₃^–), nitrite (NO₂^–), nitrate (NO₃^–), and flouride (F^–). Multiple methods and indexes including water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI), were worked out to assess the quality of water and health risk assessment of NO₃^– Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺. The results revealed that 33% and 90% of sampling sites have significantly high nitrate and total hardness (TH) concentrations, exceeding the maximum permissible limits set by World Health Organization (WHO; 50 and 200 mg/L, respectively). Furthermore, five sampling points exhibited poor WQIs mainly related to NO₃^– and TH. HQ values higher than 1 for nitrate were noticed in most sampling locations. Except for one sampling point, the HQ obtained for Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ were below 1 indicating no obvious health hazard. This study represents that children and infants are at higher risk of chronic toxicity by excess NO₃^– intake. The health hazard that is yet imposed on the community by NO₃^– necessitates regular monitoring of drinking water, the use of advanced technologies to purify water or otherwise alternative resources should be proposed.     

Quantification,characteristics, and distribution of microplastics released from waste burning furnaces and their associated health impacts

Although investigation of microplastics (MPs) present in air environment has been intensively carried out, quantification, characteristics, and distribution of MPs released from the waste burning furnace (WBF) has been missing in literature. The aim of this study was to characterize the presence of MPs released from WBFs and analyze their associated health impacts. The examined locations were at two WBFs (nominated as TPS1 and TPS2) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. MPs were collected using a 9 cm diameter glass beaker for a period of 8 h at two different sampling points, which are 3 and 15 m from each WBF. Several characteristics of MPs in terms of the number of particles, size, shape, color, and polymer type were comprehensively characterized. This study found that the obtained MPs were of fiber type and in the range of 46–77 and 41–59 particles at TPS1 and TPS2, respectively. In general, the polymer types of MPs were, respectively, cellophane and polytetrafluoroethylene at TPS1 and TPS2. Moreover, it was estimated that about 1.9–2.3 MPs can enter the human body via inhalation. This study offers a pilot examination of MPs released from WBF and findings from this study are crucial to provide new knowledge as a basis to carefully regulate the use of WBF particularly that are located closely to local community.