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生物完整性指数(IBI)是河道生态系统健康评价的重要且被广泛应用的指标,然而,基于水体中分解者微生物群落构建IBI评价标准的研究较少。针对北京市城市河道生态系统健康状况开展评价,探索微生物生物完整性指数(M-IBI)评价流程与标准构建方法。基于沉积物中微生物Illumina高通量测序信息,筛选出关键环境因子(水质指标TN、TP、NH3-N、NO3-N和NO2-N)确定候选生物指标,根据判别能力分析结果,确定Shannon指数、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度、CODCr耐受属相对丰度和NH3-N清洁属相对丰度6个指标,提出了指标标准化公式和健康评价标准。结果表明,以自然水体为补水的永定河各采样点评价结果均为健康状态,其他3条以城镇再生水厂出水为补水的河道中,清河4个采样点为健康至亚健康状态,凉水河5个采样点为健康至一般状态,大龙河4个采样点为亚健康至一般状态。M-IBI可以有效区分不同程度的受损点位,较合理地评价城市河道生态系统健康状况。
相似文献Methods: During 4 consecutive school years, 2011–2015, the Give Kids a Boost (GKB) program was implemented in a total of 8 schools with similar demographics in Dallas County. Observational surveys were conducted at project schools before project implementation (P0), 1–4 weeks after the completion of project implementation (P1), and 4–5 months later (P2). Changes in booster seat use for the 3 time periods were compared for the 8 project and 14 comparison schools that received no intervention using a nonrandomized trial process.
The intervention included (1) train-the-trainer sessions with teachers and parents; (2) presentations about booster seat safety; (3) tailored communication to parents; (4) distribution of fact sheets/resources; (5) walk-around education; and (6) booster seat inspections.
The association between the GKB intervention and proper booster seat use was determined initially using univariate analysis. The association was also estimated using a generalized linear mixed model predicting a binomial outcome (booster seat use) for those aged 4 to 7 years, adjusted for child-level variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and car-level variables (vehicle type). The model incorporated the effects of clustering by site and by collection date to account for the possibility of repeated sampling.
Results: In the 8 project schools, booster seat use for children 4–7 years of age increased an average of 20.9 percentage points between P0 and P1 (P0 = 4.8%, P1 = 25.7%; odds ratio [OR] = 6.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5, 8.7; P < .001) and remained at that level in the P2 time period (P2 = 25.7%; P < .001, for P0 vs. P2) in the univariate analysis. The 14 comparison schools had minimal change in booster seat use. The multivariable model showed that children at the project schools were significantly more likely to be properly restrained in a booster seat after the intervention (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2, 3.3) compared to the P0 time period and compared to the comparison schools.
Conclusion: Despite study limitations, the GKB program was positively associated with an increase in proper booster seat use for children 4–7 years of age in school settings among diverse populations in economically disadvantaged areas. These increases persisted into the following school year in a majority of the project schools. The GKB model may be a replicable strategy to increase booster seat use among school-age children in similar urban settings. 相似文献