Using native plants as problem-solvers

The Federal Highway Administration encourages state highway agencies to use native plants in erosion control, revegetation, and landscaping solutions. This paper explains both policy reasons and technical reasons for the use of native plants. How native species can be used is shown through a roadside case study. Other applications of native plant use will be explained through a plant community approach.     

高等级公路采动变形破坏数值模拟研究

以南屯矿区及其上方的邹济公路为背景,采用FLAC~(3D)软件,对采动影响下的高等级公路破坏机理和破坏过程进行了研究。研究表明:高等级公路采动变形经历先"上凸"后"下凹"过程,且破坏程度随着公路级别的降低而增加。应尽量使公路位于采空区正上方,且延伸方向和工作面推进的方向一致;若公路位于采空区一侧时,路面向采空区一侧整体滑移和倾斜;若公路延伸方向与工作面推进方向垂直,应注意采空区公路两端的上凸变形;应避免公路与采空区斜交。在相同地质采矿条件下,随着深厚比的增加,路面破坏程度减小,且在一定范围内,路面最大下沉值与深厚比存在非线性关系。研究成果为邹济公路下开采方案和公路维修治理提供必要的理论和技术支持。     

Driver injury severity related to inclement weather at highway–rail grade crossings in the United States

Objective: Previous studies on crash modeling at highway–rail grade crossings were aimed at exploring the factors that are likely to increase the crash frequencies at highway–rail grade crossings. In recent years, modeling driver's injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings has received interest. Because there were substantial differences among different weather conditions for driver's injury severity, this study attempts to explore the impact of weather influence on driver injury at highway–rail grade crossing.

Method: Utilizing the most recent 10 years (2002–2011) of highway–rail grade crossing accident data, this study applied a mixed logit model to explore the determinants of driver injury severity under different weather conditions at highway–rail grade crossing.

Results: Analysis results indicate that drivers' injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings is strongly different for different weather conditions. It was found that the factors significantly impacting driver injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings include motor vehicle speed, train speed, driver's age, gender, area type, lighting condition, highway pavement, traffic volume, and time of day.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that crashes are more prevalent if vehicle drivers are driving at high speed or the oncoming trains are high speed. Hence, a reduction in speed limit during inclement weather conditions could be particularly effective in moderating injury severity, allowing more reaction time for last-minute maneuvering and braking in moments before impacts. In addition, inclement weather-related crashes were more likely to occur in open areas and highway–rail grade crossings without pavement and lighting. Paved highway–rail grade crossings with installation of lights could be particularly effective in moderating injury severity.     

Understanding resident satisfaction with involvement in highway planning: in-depth interviews during a highway planning process in the Netherlands

This study investigates resident satisfaction with provided involvement activities during highway planning processes, with particular attention given to the planned Southern Ring Road highway project in Groningen, the Netherlands. In-depth interviews with 38 residents living in the project area reveal important themes contributing to satisfaction. Satisfaction with passive information activities is motivated by the extent to which information addresses concerns, but (dis)trust in government and other information sources also plays a role. For residents preferring to obtain additional information, perceived access to such information and the extent to which it reduces concerns are also important to satisfaction. Finally, for residents who would rather participate actively, satisfaction is motivated by their perceived access to participation activities and the sense of being heard. Study results show how residents’ evaluations of the themes underpinning involvement satisfaction are based on their perceptions of actual project team activities and contextual factors.     

公路路面径流重金属污染特征

对广州地区市内,城乡结合部和郊区的3条不同的公路路面雨水径流的降雨、径流流量同步监测以及径流瞬时样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr 6种重金属的测试表明,在路面重金属被雨水径流的冲洗过程中,基于浓度的初期冲洗现象明显,即在径流发生的初始阶段浓度最高,随着降雨和径流过程的进行,重金属浓度持续降低,在径流流量峰值部分,重金属的浓度达到最低值,随后随着流量的减小略有上升;路面雨水径流中的重金属彼此相关性强且都与径流中悬浮固体存在明显相关,绝大部分的重金属都以悬浮固体吸附或直接的颗粒态形式存在;公路路面雨水径流的重金属污染程度与公路周围的环境关系密切,市内道路的重金属次径流平均浓度最高,城乡结合部和郊区公路路面径流的次径流平均浓度相差不大,Pb是路面径流中主要的重金属污染元素。     

公路重金属污染的形态特征及其解吸、吸持能力探讨

以宁-杭公路南京段为例,对公路环境土壤介质中重金属污染叠加的研究表明,研究区已形成污染的元素为Pb,Co和Cr,污染晕带沿公路延伸方向展布,自公路起向其两侧强度逐渐减弱,扩散范围为140—150m,污染重金属元素有效态占其总含量的3.4—60.6％,主要以交换态和Fe-Mn氧化物态存在。土壤对研究区重金属元素的吸持能力:Pb>Co>Cu>Mn>V>Ni,Cr;重金属在土壤中的解吸能力:V>Co>Pb,污染叠加重金属来源主要为公路机动车辆燃料和轮胎中和所含微量重金属成份。     

三维植被网喷播植草技术在高速公路边坡上的应用

三维网喷播植草是一种能在纯石质边坡上进行绿化的新工艺。文章介绍了该技术的施工工艺和质量检验标准，并在广惠高速公路边坡进行应用试验。试验结果表明，该技术绿化防护效果较好，适应当地气候条件。     

超细粉煤灰-氟石膏在道路修补工程中的综合利用研究

针对我国现有水泥混凝土路面的破坏问题,研究开发了以工业废料--超细粉煤灰和氟石膏为主要组分的水泥基道路修补材料,利用氟石膏与超细粉煤灰在水泥水化过程中的相互激发作用,通过试验优选出超细粉煤灰-氟石膏高性能道路修补材料,并应用于道路修补混凝土的配制,同时测试了其力学性能及部分长期性能,试验表明其性能优良,在此基础上对其水化硬化机理作了初步的探讨.     

煤矸石在高速公路建设中利用的环境可行性分析

以平顶山至临汝段高速公路工程建设为例，对煤矸石在公路建设中应用的环境可行性进行了分析论证。     

空间信息技术在云南山地公路生态环境影响评价中的应用探讨

以云南德钦至贡山四级公路为例,探讨了空间信息技术在山地公路生态环境影响评价中的应用,提出了空间信息技术在山地公路环境影响评价中的应用技术路线,并对应用中存在的主要问题进行了探讨。