S210线轻钢结构滚石防护棚洞动力响应与优化研究

以2013年芦山7.0级地震生命通道S210线滚石灾害防治为背景,在崩塌滚石灾害特征调查和研究的基础上,根据S210线应急抢险的需求,提出一种新型轻钢结构滚石防护棚洞技术:采用钢板和槽钢为主骨架,双层钢板夹EPS材料为顶板,并将顶板设为20°~25°以提高抗冲击能力。通过动力有限元数值模拟,开展滚石冲击荷载下轻钢结构棚洞动力响应机理与优化设计研究。计算结果表明:轻钢结构棚洞具有较强的抗滚石冲击能力,能承受1 500 k J滚石冲击能量,且施工方便快捷,不影响正常交通,是S210线应急保通较为理想的滚石防护措施。目前轻钢结构棚洞已在S210线滚石危险区段投入使用,效果显著,对确保震后S210线畅通和灾后重建发挥了重要作用,也可在类似山区公路滚石灾害防治中推广应用。     

钢铁企业铊污染的研究及防治对策

铊是一种剧毒重金属元素,随着环保研究的深入,铊污染的危害逐渐显露和受重视起来。本文就铊污染来源、对人体的危害、分析测定方法进行了介绍,并通过检测钢厂废水、原料和产物中的铊含量,分析研究了钢铁企业铊污染现状及转化方式,并提出了钢铁企业防治铊污染的对策。     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity,economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity,economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO2 emission sectors, China’s iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO2 abatement,investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO2 emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO2 abatement in China’s iron and steel industry, while achieving CO2 emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth.This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth.Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO2 abatement.     

薄液膜下铝合金与不锈钢电偶腐蚀研究

目的研究与不锈钢偶接时铝合金的腐蚀行为与机理。方法依据ASTM G149标准制备电偶试样,在循环盐雾箱中模拟薄液膜下2024铝合金与316L不锈钢之间的电偶腐蚀过程,分别在腐蚀6,12,18,24,30 d后取出试样,进行质量损失分析、截面与点蚀坑形貌分析、以及电化学阻抗谱测试。结果偶接之后2024铝合金的质量损失量是非偶接条件下的将近10倍。偶接后2024铝合金在腐蚀6 d后就形成了约20μm厚的腐蚀产物层,且随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀产物层越来越致密,越来越厚。偶接后点蚀坑则主要在横向扩展,在纵深方向扩展较小。结论电偶作用不仅加速了铝合金的腐蚀,还改变了其腐蚀过程,而且这种作用在腐蚀的初期不明显,在腐蚀后期较为显著。     

不同破损程度下军用车辆镀锌钢板腐蚀行为研究

目的研究军用车辆不同破损程度下的镀锌板腐蚀行为。方法以3.5%Na Cl溶液为实验介质,利用开路电位、电化学阻抗谱及动电位极化曲线技术进行研究。结果镀锌钢板的开路电位比基板低约0.3 V,镀层腐蚀速度随着破损率的增加逐渐增大,基板的腐蚀速度最低。结论镀锌层的腐蚀对破损试样基体起重要的保护作用。     

火灾下匀质防火保护钢构件温度计算(I)：理论与公式

介绍了火灾下有匀质防火层保护的钢构件温度计算的一维传热模型。给出了求解该模型的相关边界条件和假定,并给出求解该一维传热模型在不同边界条件下的解。通过分析三种典型防火材料保护下、截面系数不同的三种截面的升温,比较了由我国规范CECS200、欧洲规范、欧钢协标准、美国规范及其他学者推荐的方法得到的结果,并对照有限元结果,考察了不同计算方法的有效性。结果表明,CECS200与国外规范给出的结果符合良好且略微偏高。通过计算典型截面在不同耐火极限要求下的最小保护层厚度,比较了各国规范的设计结果。结果显示,由不同规范推荐的公式计算得到的最小保护层厚度相差不大。CECS200计算的最小保护层厚度与国外规范一致,与欧洲规范得到的结果基本相同。研究表明,在标准火灾环境中我国规范给出的方法合理有效且形式简单便于工程运用。     

微生物腐蚀监测方法研究进展

近年来,随着石油与天然气资源的大力开发,油气集输管道的腐蚀问题引起了人们的广泛关注,其中微生物腐蚀是导致管线服役失效的一大重要因素.建立快速有效的微生物检测方法及微生物腐蚀监测技术,可对腐蚀状态做出预判,为管道安全运作提供保障.针对这个问题,文中概述了微生物腐蚀机制,详细总结了各类微生物检测方法.从电化学角度出发,系统...     

X-42钢在碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液中慢拉伸时电化学噪音信号的小波分析

本文应用小波分析理论研究了X42管线钢在0.5 mol/l Na2CO3 1 mol/l NaHCO3溶液中,在-950mVSCE、-1100mVSCE阴极极化条件下,慢应变速率实验过程中的极化电流信号.结果表明,极化电流信号的低频部分代表着其发展趋势.在阴极极化时,由于阴极析氢造成的体系pH值升高,因而电流信号有逐渐增大的趋势.而且,在对SSRT过程中阴极极化电流信号进行分析时,并未发现第二类间断点.因此,对于工业腐蚀监控,是否可用出现第二类间断点来预测X-42钢在土壤中的应力腐蚀失效,还有待于进一步的研究与探讨.     

风荷载作用下钢管脚手架新型外挂防护网受力性能试验研究

为研究钢管脚手架新型外挂防护网在风荷载作用下的受力性能,通过室内水平往复荷载试验,分析了新型外挂防护在两组不同分载装置作用下的最大变形、破坏最薄弱位置以及对整个脚手架架体的影响.结果表明:在标准风荷载作用下,该新型外挂防护网对整个脚手架架体的影响很小,主要应变都出现在防护网的外框及斜撑骨架上;随着作用荷载的逐渐增大,防...