Fenton试剂在污水处理上的发展与展望

为了进一步将Fenton试剂技术应用在污水处理上，通过查阅中外文献。详细介绍了Fenton试剂的发展历史和目前在污水处理上的应用，给出了公认的反应机理。最终，讨论并总结了Fenton试剂在污水处理上的未来发展方向。     

H_2O_2－O_3氧化法处理染料中间体H酸和1－氨基蒽醌生产废液的研究

研究采用羟基自由基氧化法处理难生物降解染料中间体Ｈ酸和１－氨基蒽醌生产废液提高其生物降解性。研究表明：羟基自由基是一种非常强的氧化剂，能迅速分解有机物，改善废水的生物降解性能；经羟基自由基氧化处理后，能提高废水的絮凝处理效率。本文还对羟基自由基氧化反应机理作了探讨。     

臭氧氧化内分泌干扰物灭多威

采用O3氧化去除水中内分泌干扰物灭多威,通过投加腐殖酸、过氧化氢及羟自由基抑制剂碳酸根离子和叔丁醇,考察灭多威的去除效果。结果表明臭氧能有效去除水中微量灭多威,灭多威初始浓度1.5mg/L时,去除率可达92.7%;腐殖酸浓度增大,则显示出越来越强的竞争作用;碳酸氢根和叔丁醇也在一定程度上抑制了灭多威的去除;过氧化氢的投加并未显著提高灭多威的降解率,说明在臭氧氧化灭多威的反应过程中,臭氧直接氧化占主要部分,而羟自由基间接氧化为次要因素。     

Reaction mechanism of 3-chlorophenol with OH, H in aqueous solution

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｓａｒｅｒａｎｋｅｄｈｉｇｈａｍｏｎｇｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｈｉｇｈｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ ,ｓｔｒｏｎｇｓｔｅｎｃｈ ,ａｎｄｈｉｇｈｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｗａｔｅｒ.Ａｓｆａｒａｓｍｏｎｏ ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌｓａｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｉｓｏｍｅｒｓ:ｏｒｔｈｏ ,ｐａｒａ ａｎｄｍｅｔａ .Ｉｔｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｓｏｍｅｒｓｈａｖｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｘｉ…     

CS自由基与O2的反应研究

采用CS2 在 1 85nm光照下产生CS自由基的方法 ,研究了CS自由基与O2 的反应 .在纯CS2 和CS2 O2 体系 ,光解产生的CS自由基中 ,CS2 的量子产额分别为Φ表观 =0 6 2和Φ′表观 =2 0 5、表观速率常数分别为k表观 =8 0 6× 1 0 - 4s- 1和k′表观 =2 72×1 0 - 3 s- 1,并讨论了CS自由基与O2 反应的机理 .研究表明 ,CS自由基与O2 反应的主要产物为COS,SO2 和SO3 ,N2 的加入不影响CS自由基与O2 的反应 .     

Highly efficient photodegradation of the pesticide metolcarb induced by Fe complexes

Here we show the efficient photoinduced degradation of the pesticide metolcarb, in less than 400 min, using iron(III) aquacomplexes and 365 nm light. The degradation is mainly due to the formation of hydroxyl radical. It was complete when molecular oxygen was present. The analytical study gives evidence for the primary formation of several byproducts formed from 1) the scission of the O–C bond, 2) the hydroxylation of the aromatic moiety and 3) the attack of the two methyl groups. Under prolonged irradiation and in aerated solutions, efficient mineralization was evidenced by the study of total organic carbon evolution as a function of irradiation time.     

一个液相化学反应机理的建立和应用

利用比较积分反应速率的方法,建立了一个简化液相化学反应机理ARCML,并在各种大气状况下以及各种物理参数下对ARCML作了验证.然后利用ARCML模拟光化学烟雾形成初期的云水酸化过程,结果表明,自由基氧化s(Ⅳ)在污染或高NO_x的大气中非常重要.     

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity in autumn Beijing: Analysis of the O3 and PM2.5 episodes based on observation-based model

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is the fundamental driving factors of chemistry process (e.g., the formation of ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)) in the troposphere. However, accurate quantification of AOC still remains uncertainty. In this study, a comprehensive field campaign was conducted during autumn 2019 in downtown of Beijing, where O₃ and PM_2.5 episodes had been experienced successively. The observation-based model (OBM) is used to quantify the AOC at O₃ and PM_2.5 episodes. The strong intensity of AOC is found at O₃ and PM_2.5 episodes, and hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominating daytime oxidant for both episodes. The photolysis of O₃ is main source of OH at O₃ episode; the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) plays important role in OH formation at PM_2.5 episode. The radicals loss routines vary according to precursor pollutants, resulting in different types of air pollution. O₃ budgets and sensitivity analysis indicates that O₃ production is transition regime (both VOC and NO_x-limited) at O₃ episode. The heterogeneous reaction of hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂) on aerosol surfaces has significant influence on OH and O₃ production rates. The HO₂ uptake coefficient (γHO₂) is the determining factor and required accurate measurement in real atmospheric environment. Our findings could provide the important bases for coordinated control of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution.     

Sister chromatid exchange and DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by air-dust in Lanzhou City: involvement in free radicals

The air-dust samples collected from petro-chemical industrial region in the suburb of Lanzhou and from a certain rural region 64 km away from the city were extracted, with a mixed solvent (benzene: hexane: isopropanol=7:2:1) for 8 hours. A strong free radical signal at g= 2.00 of air-dust itself and a hyperfine splitting EPR signal of extract from air-dust have been detected. The sister chromatid exchange frequency (SCE) was increased by extracts of both dusts from the industrial region and from the rural region. If a chemical is able to increase SCE up to twice as high as the control, this chemical is considered to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The double SCE frequency concentration is 23 μg/ml for the dust extract obtained from the industrial region and 47μg/ml for that from the rural region. Extracts were able to damage to DNA template. Results indicated that the mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of the extracts obtained from the petro-chemical industrial region were stronger than that of the     

羟基聚合氯化铝的絮凝形态学

羟基聚合物的形态转化是无机高分子絮凝剂的核心问题，其形态学应包括研制，生产和应用三方面内容。铝的羟基聚合物形态主要有六员环连续模式和聚十三铝聚集模式两类论点。形态控制参数应以水解度和碱化度并用。