秦皇岛海域生态环境特征与赤潮监测

在简述秦皇岛海域自然环境特征与营养盐分布及赤潮生物特征的基础上，采用营养状态指数和浮游植物生态特征指标对该海域富营养化状态给予评价。调查表明，该海域自７０ 年代末以来共发现３２种赤潮生物。     

Aromatic photonitration in homogeneous and heterogeneous aqueous systems

This work describes the nitration of aromatics upon near-UV photolysis of nitrate and nitrite in aqueous solution and upon photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite in TiO2 suspensions. Phenol is used in this work as a model aromatic molecule and as a probe for *NO2/N2O4. The photoinduced nitration of phenol in aqueous systems occurs upon the reaction between phenol and *NO2 or N2O4, and is enhanced by the photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite to *NO2 by TiO2. Aromatic photonitration in the liquid phase can play a relevant role in the formation of nitroaromatics in natural waters and atmospheric hydrometeors, thus being a potential pathway for the condensed-phase nitration of aromatics. Furthermore, the photoinduced oxidation of nitrite to nitrogen dioxide suggests a completely new role for nitrite in natural waters and atmospheric aerosols.     

建筑与水体关系的探讨

通过建筑与水体的相互关系,阐述建筑与自然水环境、人工水环境的有机结合.在水体的形式、形态和造型等方面,详细介绍了水在建筑设计与室内设计中的应用和处理手法.     

有冰海区中的溢油行为

在冰海区中的溢油事故直接污染海洋环境。本文介绍了国外对溢油在有冰海区中行为的研究。研究表明，与温水中有很大的不同在于，结冰海区溢油行为与冰的密集度、冰厚及冰的类型等有关。本文学介绍了国内第一个为海洋管理服务的渤海有冰海区溢油行为数值计算模拟。     

福建中、东部沿海主要养殖贝类体重金属的含量与评价

根据2000年11月福建中、东部沿海养殖贝类体重金属的检测资料，分析了牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏体内重金属的含量水平。结果表明；闽江口附近海域和兴化湾湾顶北部海域养殖的褶牡蛎，体内Zn和Cd的含量明显高于其他养殖区。文中对3种养殖贝类的重金属污染程度进行评价的结果表明：闽中、东沿海的养殖贝类基本未受重金属污染或属微污染水平。     

Natural and Anthropogenic Effects On Phytoplankton Primary Productivity in Mangroves

Spatial and temporal variations and the factors influencing primary production have been studied in three different mangrove waters (Pichavaram, Ennore Creek and Adyar Estuary) of South India characterised by different anthropogenic impacts. the gross primary productivity in the unpolluted Pichavaram mangrove was 113 g Cm^-2yr^-1 exhibiting natural variability with the environmental forcing factors. Human activities have elevated primary productivity in the Ennore Creek mangrove (157g Cm^-2yr^-1) primarily through the direct discharge of fertilizer effluents. By contrast, a combination of domestic and industrial effluent discharges into the Adyar Estuary mangrove has considerably reduced phytoplankton primary productivity 83g Cm^-2yr^-1 the Redfield N: P ratio varies from 0.96 N: 1P at Ennore Creek, 1.75N: 1P at Adyar Estuary to 15.2 N: 1P at Pichavaram mangroves. This suggests that the Pichavaram mangroves represent a well equilibrated ecosystem with N: P ratio close to steady-state values in contrast to the anthropogenically altered mangrove ecosystems studied. Results show a significant temporal variability in nutrient concentration in the three mangrove areas. Distinct differences in nutrient concentrations between the dry and the wet seasons have been observed.     

Predicting the aquatic risk of realistic pesticide mixtures to species assemblages in Portuguese river basins

Although pesticide regulatory tools are mainly based on individual substances, aquatic ecosystems are usually exposed to multiple pesticides from their use on the variety of crops within the catchment of a river. This study estimated the impact of measured pesticide mixtures in surface waters from 2002 and 2008 within three important Portuguese river basins(‘Mondego', ‘Sado' and ‘Tejo') on primary producers, arthropods and fish by toxic pressure calculation. Species sensitivity distributions(SSDs), in combination with mixture toxicity models, were applied. Considering the differences in the responses of the taxonomic groups as well as in the pesticide exposures that these organisms experience, variable acute multi-substance potentially affected fractions(ms PAFs) were obtained. The median msP AF for primary producers and arthropods in surface waters of all river basins exceeded 5%, the cut-off value used in the prospective SSD approach for deriving individual environmental quality standards. A ranking procedure identified various photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, with oxadiazon having the relatively largest toxic effects on primary producers, while the organophosphorus insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and chlorpyrifos, and the organochloride endosulfan had the largest effects on arthropods and fish, respectively. These results ensure compliance with European legislation with regard to ecological risk assessment and management of pesticides in surface waters.     

合肥市区典型景观水体氮磷污染特征及富营养化评价

为掌握合肥市环城河水系水环境状况,于2012年9月~2013年7月,在城区选取6个典型景观水体测定水体理化指标和叶绿素浓度,开展水体氮磷污染特征分析及富营养化评价,结果表明:①各水体氮、磷污染较为严重,TN和TP月平均浓度均远超过国际认可的发生水体富营养化临界值;②南淝河、黑池坝和雨花塘水体氮浓度表现出显著的逐月变化性,南淝河水体TP和PO3-4-P一直在较高浓度状态下波动,而银河公园水体则呈现显著的上升趋势;③雨花塘与黑池坝水体TN/TP比平均值分别为104.7和158.3,包河公园、银河公园、逍遥津公园和南淝河水体分别为16.8、18.7、6.4和16.8,表明雨花塘、黑池坝水体处于磷限制性状态,逍遥津公园为氮限制性状态;④聚类分析将6个景观水体聚为两大类,即污染严重的黑池坝和南淝河归为一类,其余4个相对封闭的水体为另一类;⑤营养状态指数评价结果表明,所有水体均处于富营养化状态,且富营养化程度排序为:银河公园>黑池坝>南淝河>逍遥津公园>雨花塘>包河公园.     

Establishing Eco-compensation Mechanism in Bohai Sea Waters under Framework of Ecosystem Approach

Ecosystem approach, a new comprehensive approach to the conservation and management of natural resources, has received universal concern and approval in the world, and it requires the application of the eco-compensation mechanism. Some basic ideas for establishing the marine eco-compensation mechanism are: payers and payees can be identified through analyzing marine ecosystem service changes and impacts on the stakeholders; financial transfer payment and environmental taxes and fees can be used as the main channels for compensation; payment standard can be set up by following the principle of a compromise between calculated theoretic results and “price bargaining”. Focusing on the key human impact on marine ecosystem in Bohai Sea, some preliminary ides on eco-compensation application are given: reform the ongoing charge system of pollutant discharge and enhance its incentives to reduce land pollutants; implement eco-compensation for freshwater demand between Bohai Sea and the river basins for the purpose of increasing freshwater inflow; popularize and strengthen the existing eco-compensation on fishery resources management, and implement the charge system of eco-compensation on reclamation from the sea for land construction.