固定化三维电极-生物膜法去除污水中硝酸盐氮

本研究将固定化细胞技术用于三维电极-生物膜反应器的阴极微生物挂膜,对现有的三维电极-生物膜反应器进行了改进。同时,以城市污水二级生化处理系统的出水为研究对象,利用自制的固定化三维电极-生物膜反应器进行了反硝化深度脱氮试验。考察了电流强度、HRT、不同C/N值等因素对硝态氮和COD去除率的影响,并通过对比试验证实了固定化细胞技术的使用可提高反应器的反硝化性能。试验结果表明,在电流强度30mA,进水流量9mL/min时,COD的去除率为50%,硝态氮的去除率可达82.03%,反应器NO3--N负荷为0.297mg NO3--N(/cm2.d);同等操作条件下,采用固定化方法挂膜的反应器的脱氮效率可比普通反应器提高20%以上。     

固定化铜绿假单胞菌吸附Cu~(2+)的特性

首次利用聚丙烯酰胺与壳聚糖形成的互融聚合物网络凝胶固定非活性的铜绿假单胞菌,并研究了这种新型的固定化微生物颗粒对Cu2+的吸附特性。该固定化微生物吸附剂表现出较好的吸附性能,对Cu2+的吸附很迅速,在40min内吸附基本达到平衡。对吸附动力学及平衡的研究表明,Cu2+在固定化微生物吸附剂上的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附平衡符合Langmuir模型。     

固定化泛菌对底泥中孔雀石绿的降解

用2%海藻酸钠对孔雀石绿高效降解菌Pantoea sp.EF192586菌株进行固定化包埋,研究固定菌对底泥中孔雀石绿的降解情况。研究结果表明:固定菌对底泥中不同浓度孔雀石绿均有降解,且0.45和0.95μg/g干重降解率更好,达80%。增加固定菌的投菌量可提高降解速率和降解率,但当投菌量增至1.5g后降解率不再增加。泥水系统中水量减少可以提高固定菌起始阶段的降解速率。当固定菌和光照联合作用时可以提高降解率。     

固定化填料人工快速渗滤系统运行效果分析

利用微生物固定化载体强化人工快速渗滤系统,研究在常温下该系统对小单元、低浓度生活污水的处理效果。研究表明：在水力负荷30 cm/d的工况下,固定化填料人工快速渗滤系统对有机物具有良好的去除效果,对COD的去除率可达80%,基本出水COD〈50mg/l;该系统对TN的去除率约为30%;对TP的去除率为27.9-59.7%,并随系统运行时间的延长而下降。     

CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中活性染料的解吸研究

考察了吸附在CMC(羧甲基纤维素纳)固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸,并在此基础上提出了吸附-回收染料的技术思路。结果表明:pH值为12.0的75%乙醇对CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳红K-2BP和活性艳蓝KN-R的解吸效果较好。30min内,对CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸率分别为60.8%和50.4%。CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳红K-2BP的解吸动力学符合一级指数衰减模型。CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球能重复利用三次以上。     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.     

Nitrification characteristics of nitrobacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane in wastewater of corn-based ethanol fuel production

A technology to achieve stable and high ammonia nitrogen removal rates for corn distillery wastewater (ethanol fuel production) treatment has been designed. The characteristics of nitrifying bacteria entrapped in a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) gel carrier were evaluated after acclimation. In the acclimation period, nitrification rates of WPU-immobilized nitrobacteria were monitored and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also carried out to investigate the change in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The results showed that the pellet nitrification rates increased from 21 to 228 mg-N/(L-pellet. hr) and the quantity of the ammonia oxidation bacteria increased substantially during the acclimation. A continuous ammonia removal experiment with the anaerobic pond effluent of a distillery wastewater system was conducted with immobilized nitrifying bacteria for 30 days using an 80 L airlift reactor with pellets at a fill ratio of 15% (V/V). Under the conditions of 75 mg/L influent ammonia, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.7--5.6 hr, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4 mg/L, the effluent ammonia concentration was lower than 10 mg/L and the ammonia removal efficiency was 90%. While the highest ammonia removal rate, 162 mg-N/(L-pellet.hr), was observed when the HRT was 1.3 hr.     

固定化微生物技术对养殖水体脱氮的研究进展

固定化微生物技术是一种有效去除养殖水体中氨氮等污染物质的生物处理新技术.对微生物固定化方法进行了分类,归纳了微生物固定化的主要特征以及反应器类型,讨论了影响微生物固定化的重要因素.综述了固定化微生物技术在养殖水体脱氮中国内外的研究现状,并针对相关问题提出了今后的研究和发展方向.     

固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类典型有机污染物,绿色修复PAHs污染土壤已成为国内外环境和土壤界共同关注的热点问题之一.作为一种新型的微生物修复技术,固定化微生物修复有机污染土壤正受到越来越多的关注,国内外相关研究刚刚开始.本文重点评述了近几年国内外有关固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的最新进展,总结了固定化微生物技术的修复原理、微生物固定化载体的选择、高效降解菌的筛选、固定化方法及影响因素等方面,并提出今后的发展方向,为我国开展固定化微生物技术修复有机污染土壤的研究提供参考.     

一株低温高效植物油降解菌的驯化筛选及固定化研究

为了解决因低温而导致的废水中油脂难以处理的问题,从冬季重庆大学餐厅排污管道的底泥中分离出1株可低温降解植物油的菌株DJ-1。将此菌株多次驯化培养后,在5℃条件下利用其对含20g/L菜籽油复筛培养基的模拟含油废水进行处理。经过3 d处理,可去除废水中70.63%的植物油。经16S rDNA测序分析,该菌株为假单胞菌的一个未定种属(相似度为99%)。使用泥炭和木屑作为固定化载体,按照m(泥炭)∶m(木屑)∶m(菌液)=1∶4∶20的比例将扩培后的DJ-1菌剂制作成细菌固定化菌粉。在5℃条件下利用菌粉对含20 g/L菜籽油复筛培养基的模拟含油废水进行处理,菌粉投加量为0.15 g/L。经过3 d处理,废水中植物油的降解率达到77.34%,5 d后达到85.22%。