Occurrence of benzotriazoles (BTRs) in indoor air from Albany,New York,USA, and its implications for inhalation exposure

Despite the widespread use of benzotriazoles as corrosion inhibitors in many household goods, studies on the occurrence of these compounds in indoor air are scarce. In this study, five benzotriazole derivatives were measured in 83 indoor air samples collected from various locations in Albany, New York, USA. Benzotriazoles were found in a majority of the indoor air samples, and the concentrations of their sum in bulk (vapor plus particulate phases) indoor air ranged from below the method limit of quantification to 492 ng·m^?3 (geometric mean: 5.8 ng·m^?3). The highest geometric mean concentration was found in air samples collected in parking garages (155 ng·m^?3), followed by barbershops (13.6), public places (11.5), auto repair shops (5.2), automobiles (4.5), homes (4.5), offices (3.7), and laboratories (2.8). Inhalation exposure to benzotriazoles was calculated on the basis of the measured geometric mean concentrations and air inhalation rate. The highest exposure dose was found for teenagers, with a geometric mean inhalation exposure dose of 79 ng·day^?1. The body-weight normalized exposure dose, however, was the highest for infants, at 3.2 ng·(kg bw)^?1·day^?1.     

广州夏季办公室内细颗粒中多环芳烃污染特征研究

大部分的都市办公人群每天在办公室至少度过8 h。而室外环境的渗透、办公室内吸烟、办公设备使用和中央通风系统均可能导致细颗粒物及多环芳烃(PAHs)在室内积聚而造成微环境污染。2015年5—6月,在广州市3种不同功能区(商住区、高新产业区、工业区)共选取了14间不同类型的办公室,对其室内外PM_(2.5)和多环芳烃进行同步监测。结果表明,(1)14间中有12间办公室内的PM_(2.5)浓度水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)的推荐值25μg·m-3;(2)与国内外类似研究相比,办公室内外∑16PAHs及Ba P-eq的监测浓度水平均较低,并呈现一致规律:文印>室外>吸烟>多人>单人>无窗(无人),其中Ba P-eq低于欧盟规定的安全限值1 ng·m-3;(3)文印工作和吸烟行为与室内PM_(2.5)和PAHs浓度升高有密切关系,分别对5环和4环PAHs贡献明显;(4)其他无明显内源的办公室的细颗粒中PAHs污染在监测期间主要来源于室外贡献。     

Gender differences in public office workers’ satisfaction,subjective symptoms and musculoskeletal complaints in workplace and office environments

This study investigates differences between male and female public office workers’ satisfaction levels, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) complaints in workplace and office environments. Questionnaire surveys were performed in 30 offices from 15 public institutions. Male and female workers of the same age were coupled and selected from each office, gathering a total of 120 male and 120 female subjects. The results show that differences exist between genders in noise and lighting satisfaction levels, SBS-related symptoms (eye, nose, skin) and MSD complaints of hand/wrist/finger, while there is no difference in overall satisfaction level of office environments. The study also suggests that office design for public office workers should take into account gender differences in preventing MSDs and also SBS. The findings of this study are expected to serve as basic data for designing effective public office environments.     

室内空气污染物及净化技术研究

针对人们关心的室内空气污染问题,分析了室内空气污染物的种类、来源和污染影响及避免室内空气污染应采取的措施,通过目前室内空气污染治理技术现状分析,比较了现有各类空气净化器处理效果,提出过滤、静电及光催化技术于一体的新型空气净化器的设计思路,并从安全评估、技术、标准、市场运营等方面提出促进空气污染治理技术市场发展的建议.     

层次分析模型在室内空气质量评价中的应用研究

当前评价方法没有考虑室内空气质量界线的模糊性,不能真实反映室内空气品质,导致评价结果不准确.提出基于层次分析模型的室内空气质量评价方法,建立室内空气质量评价目标层、准则层和措施层三层递阶的层次结构模型,构造判断矩阵,计算特征向量,得到各自的层次总排序结果,结合室内空气质量评价各指标权重,计算空气各污染物的隶属函数,求导室内空气质量最终评价值.实验结果表明,所提方法获得的室内空气质量评价值与实际调查监测值一致,能够真实反映室内空气质量状况,具有较高的可靠性.     

麻醉呼吸机在手术室内环境中产生的毒害气体分析及预防处理研究

麻醉呼吸机在大型手术过程中会经常使用,由于麻醉过程中会使用一定氯化物,因此会造成一定有害气体的外泄,有害气体会影响手术进度以及手术的准确程度.针对上述问题,提出麻醉呼吸机在手术室内环境中产生的毒害气体的分析以及预防方法.对麻醉呼吸机能够泄露出的有害气体影响程度以及影响范围进行估计,针对产生的有害气体设计了完整的预防系统,通过传感器的使用达到对有毒气的预防监测过程.试验结果表明,设计的有害气体预防系统能够高敏感度对有毒气体识别分析.     

寒冷地区室内环境空气质量及其影响因素分析研究

以哈尔滨市2011年-2015年室内环境空气数据资料为基础,通过描述统计和数学模型分析了寒冷地区室内环境空气质量的变化趋势和影响因素.分析结果表明,寒冷地区室内环境空气质量随着人们对室内装修材料的不断重视和对健康的生活不懈追求呈逐年好转趋势;室内环境空气质量季节差别明显,房屋室内温湿度高有利于污染物从家具建材等装修材料中向空气中释放,从而使室内空气较差;室内装修材料使用多少、装修程度复杂或简单,都与室内环境空气质量呈正相关关系.     

杭州市家庭室内空气中PBDEs的污染现状与特征

分析评价了杭州市家庭室内空气中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染现状及特征.结果显示:杭州家庭客厅空气中气相和颗粒相PBDEs的总浓度平均值分别为52.57 pg·m-3,范围为21.37～83.47 pg·m-3、卧室浓度为43.78 pg·m-3,范围为28.72～58.75 pg·m-3,BDE-47和BDE-99是家庭室内空气中最重要的两种单体,占总浓度的62.75％.室内空气中气相PBDEs浓度是颗粒相的1.49倍.高层建筑中的PBDEs浓度与低层建筑差别不大,均处于较低水平.PBDEs的理化性质、环境条件是影响其气固分配的重要因素.     

室内空气PM_(2.5)污染的国内研究现状及综合防控措施

良好的室内空气质量是健康人居的必要条件。PM2.5是影响日常室内空气质量的主要因素。中国室内PM2.5污染程度较重,其主要的污染来源有:吸烟、生活燃料燃烧、烹饪和清扫等室内活动以及室外大气颗粒物的渗透作用等。同时,文章就如何减轻室内空气的PM2.5污染提出多方面的综合防控措施。     

沈阳市典型室内公共场所环境安全的研究

通过对沈阳市典型公共场所室内环境监测数据的统计分析,研究沈阳市公共场所室内环境污染的原因及室内环境污染特点,为今后沈阳市开展典型室内公共场所污染治理提供必要的技术支持。