炼铝作业氟化物接触剂量与发病关系的分析

目的 了解炼铝作业氟的危害状况,为工业性氟病的防治提供依据.方法 对氟作业环境作职业卫生学调查.采用剂量患病率寿命表法对866名电解铝作业工人工业性氟病的发病情况进行流行病学调查,并作相关回归分析.结果 该厂接氟工人工业性氟病的总患病率为1.73%,且患病率随累积接氟量的增加而升高,呈高度正相关(r＝0.997,P＜0.01).并据所求得回归方程(y＝10.34InD-18.21)推算出接氟工人控制患病率时的允许连续工作年限和今后的发病趋势.结论 该厂电解铝车间氟危害较重,应加强卫生防护措施,并建议将车间氟最高容许浓度从目前1 mg/m3降为0.5 mg/m3为宜.     

城市工业区环境系统中的Cd污染循环及其健康风险——以杭州市半山工业区为例

为揭示重金属元素Cd在城市环境系统多种介质中的迁移途径及其潜在危害性,系统分析了杭州市半山工业区主要环境介质（土壤-尘埃-水-底泥-生物）样品中Cd的指标含量,并用连续提取法分析了土壤、尘埃、底泥中Cd的化学形态特征.结果表明,Cd的迁移途径主要有两种,一是以尘埃为媒介在地表环境中迁移,二是通过水介质进入水体环境（水和...     

基于STIRPAT模型的能源消费碳足迹变化及影响因素——以江苏省苏锡常地区为例

定量研究经济社会发展对地区能源消费碳足迹的影响对区域实现低碳发展具有重要意义。论文计算了江苏省苏锡常地区1991-2008年能源消费碳足迹,采用岭回归函数对STIRPAT模型进行了拟合,采用脱钩指数分析了经济发展与能源消费碳足迹之间的关系。结果表明:①1991-2008年能源消费碳足迹平均增长速度为15.30%,能源消费碳足迹分配率以煤炭为主,石油所占比例呈波动下降趋势,天然气所占比例上升较快,能源消费碳足迹产值总体呈波动下降趋势;②经济增长是能源消费碳足迹的主要影响因素,两者关系模型拟合未出现环境库兹涅茨曲线;③经济增长与能源消费碳足迹之间处于相对脱钩与复钩的波动状态,从另一侧面验证了目前两者之间不存在库兹涅茨曲线假说的结论。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

硅烷热分解法制取工业硅的影响因素分析

现阶段制备工业硅所用的改良西门子方法存在能耗高和污染重的问题,因此寻求能耗低、环境友好型工业硅制备方法是必然趋势。通过硅烷分解实验对硅烷热分解法制备工业硅的几个影响因素做了分析,并简要讨论了各个因素对硅烷热分解的影响。得出硅烷热分解的最佳条件是硅烷浓度0.25%,载气流量为200 L/h,分解温度850℃,分解压强0.35kPa。在此条件下硅的沉积率89.3%。     

影响工业废水中BOD_5测定因素的分析与研究

采用稀释与接种法测定工业废水中的BOD5,并结合CODcr的测定结果,分析影响BOD5测定的因素如稀释倍数、接种液配比等条件进行试验后,得出了最佳试验条件,从而达到提高测定BOD5准确度的目的。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

新乡市工业“三废”污染及治理措施

以新乡市2006—2012年工业"三废"排放监测数据为依据,通过对城市废水、废气及工业固体废弃物排放情况的分析,找出主要污染特征并提出相关治理对策。     

循环经济工业园区规划环评研究

概括了循环经济工业园区规划环境影响评价的框架思路。归纳总结了规划环评的主要内容,并以山西省长治市襄垣富阳循环经济工业园区为例,对规划环评指标体系的构建进行探讨。     

工业锅炉PM2.5产排特性试验研究

采用荷电低压颗粒撞击器(ELPI)对哈尔滨市两台燃用烟煤的工业锅炉PM2.5排放特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:PM2.5的粒数和质量浓度分布曲线均呈现单峰分布,前者峰值出现在0.12~0.2μm粒径范围内,这部分粒子主要是由无机物气化-凝结形成的亚微米颗粒物和挥发分未完全燃烧形成的炭黑粒子,而后者峰值出现在0.32μm处,粒子主要是由炭黑粒子形成的亚微米颗粒和残灰粒子形成的超微米颗粒.同时发现,旋风除尘和湿法除尘对PM2.5各级颗粒均有一定的去除效果,采用多管旋风和冲击水浴除尘器联合除尘效率比单种水膜除尘器除尘效率高;湿法脱硫系统对PM2.5的脱除也有明显的作用,由于除雾器不能全部去除小雾滴,这些雾滴中固体颗粒被干燥和水溶性物质结晶析出,PM0.32颗粒物粒数浓度有所增加,而PM0.32~2.5的颗粒物粒数浓度有所减少,但总质量浓度降低.