Expert views on environmental impacts and their measurementin the forest industry

The paper argues that corporate environmental management should be based on significant environmental aspects that result in significant environmental impacts. The Finnish forest industry has substantially reduced its emissions but, being heavy industry, it still causes significant environmental impacts. This paper presents expert views on environmental impacts and their measurement. They were gathered through semi-structured theme interviews. The most frequently mentioned environmental impacts and significant environmental impacts related to water, energy and air. Positive environmental impacts resulted from recycling, forest industry products and use of energy. Traditional emission measurement was considered a well-measured issue. The target subjects of the measurement and especially environmental impact measurement require improvement. The contribution of this research is concerned with the development of measurement and two issues arising from the research are emphasised. First, environmental impact measurement should be further developed. Second, the measurement of the production chain that is physically outside the boundaries of forest industry mills should also be developed.     

Emerging design strategies in sustainable production and consumption of textiles and clothing

This study contributes to current knowledge of sustainability in textile and clothing production and consumption. When the textile and clothing industry aims to promote sustainability, the main change factors have been linked to eco-materials and ethical issues in production. At present, however, business models are mainly linked with a large volume of sales and production. Although industrial development has moved toward smaller environmental impact, production as well as consumption has increased to levels where the benefits of technological development are reduced. A change is thus needed to reach a systemic transformation, not only in production but also in consumption. The aim of this paper is to open up the discussion on opportunities for radical change in this industry. The paper presents ways to rethink and redesign business in the textile and clothing field by offering an overview on several design strategies that exist today in niche markets. Furthermore we evaluate how interested consumers are in these design strategies and discuss the opportunities these design approaches offer to sustainable development through new value creation.     

Speciation and bioaccessibility of lead and cadmium in soil treated with metal-enriched Indian mustard leaves

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) has shown good potential for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. However, there is little information about the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soil during the decomposition of metal-rich Indian mustard leaves. Incubation experiments (1-, 3-, and 6-month) were carried out in Beijing and Hunan soil with metal-rich Indian mustard leaves addition (1% and 3%) and the e ects of mustard leaves addition on the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the addition of mustard leaves led to significant increases in pH and DOC in the Hunan soil. Both 1% and 3% of mustard leaf amendment caused the percentage of the exchangeable (F1), precipitated with carbonates (F2), bound to Fe/Mn oxides (F3) and bound to organic matter (F4) fractions of Pb and Cd to increase dramatically, while the percentage of the residual fraction (F5) of Cd and Pb significantly dropped in both Beijing and Hunan soils. Mustard leaf addition caused the bioaccessibility of Pb to decrease in the gastric phase, whereas the values increased in the small intestinal phase. The Cd bioaccessibility increased with mustard leaf addition in both the gastric and small intestinal phases. In conclusion, the metal-enriched mustard leaves addition induces Pb and Cd concentrations and their mobility increasing in the Beijing and Hunan soils. Therefore, heavy metal risk in metal-enriched plant leaves should be considered in phytoremediation system in which heavy metal might be brought back to soil and changed over time.     

浑河中游水污染控制与水环境修复技术研发与创新

浑河中游制药、石化工业水污染是最大的工业污染,废水具有有毒有害、难降解等特点;浑河中游支流河水污染严重。为了控制水污染,改善水环境,国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题开展了区域水污染控制与水环境修复技术研发和创新。针对黄连素废水和磷霉素钠废水,研发了臭氧氧化、脉冲电絮凝、铁碳微电解等物化处理工艺以及物化-生化耦合处理工艺,实现了制药废水的有效处理;针对石化腈纶废水,研发了多格室脱氮反应器、膜生物反应器-臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池全流程处理工艺,实现了腈纶废水氨氮脱除和达标处理;针对浑河中游支流河污染问题,研发了塘和湿地组合生态净化技术、污染底泥的安全处理处置与资源化利用技术。     

空间信息在造纸资源环境承载力分析中的应用

空间信息技术是近年来迅速发展的以获取、管理、分析与时空相关的地理信息为主的技术体系。资源环境承载力研究是针对一定时空范围内资源环境综合条件进行评价的一门新兴学科。随着我国经济的发展,资源、环境和造纸行业发展之间的问题越来越受到关注。文章在造纸行业资源环境承载力分析基础上,将遥感技术、地理信息技术相结合,提出空间信息技术在造纸行业资源环境承载力分析中的应用模式。并以海南省造纸行业资源环境承载力分析为实例探讨具体应用。     

中国不同时期经济发展与碳排放的关联分析

经济的快速发展是碳排放的主要驱动因素.为解释中国经济增长与碳排放量的关系,文章引用碳排放量分解模型,对中国1978-2009年碳排放量进行较为精确的测算,并分析碳排放的趋势及其特点.在此基础上,采用灰色相对关联度方法,分阶段测算不同历史时期下经济发展 与碳排放量的关联度.结果表明:从碳排放的增长速度上看,1996-20...     

化工企业环境风险评价实践研究

环境风险评价已成为可能发生事故风险的化工企业环境影响评价中重要而不可缺少的组成部分。文章根据《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》要求,结合化工企业风险评价案例,阐述了化工企业环境风险评价的技术要点。化工企业环境风险评价一般包括风险识别、源项分析、后果计算以及事故风险防范措施(包括事故应急池),其中源项分析是化工企业风险评价的重点和难点。同时,在化工企业环境风险评价实际工作中,还应根据当地大气、地表水条件、周边人口分布等情况选择合适的参数和模型进行预测评价。     

纺织印染工业循环经济发展模式的研究

针对我国纺织印染现状、环境危害、格局以及发展趋势进行说明的基础上,分析了传统纺织印染行业的循环经济改造方式和现代企业循环经济建设的发展方向,通过建立循环经济模式的纺织印染工业园,运用循环经济理念进行园区规划,提出了纺织印染工业循环经济综合评价体系,最终建立循环经济产业共生体系。建设循环经济,走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少和人力资源得到充分利用的新型工业化道路,是纺织行业实现可持续发展的必由之路,是主动应对全球化市场竞争的迫切要求,是调整产业结构的有效途径,也是提高企业核心竞争力的重要措施。     

关于汽车制造厂涂装水平的研究和探讨

汽车制造工业从19世纪发展至今已有近200年的发展历史,涂装是汽车制造过程中主要生产环节,也是主要废气污染源产生环节。随着工业技术发展,其生产技术水平也日新月异,尤其是随着汽车涂装清洁生产标准的实施和环保型涂料的逐步推广,给汽车涂装带来了新的技术革命。环境影响评价制度作为建设项目实施前的环保可行性论证,评价涂装水平及涂料使用水平可直接影响到该类建设项目的环保可行性,因此研究汽车制造工业涂料现状水平及发展趋势可为该类建设项目的审批提供重要决策依据。     

水培植物净化系统不同氮磷去除作用的贡献

文章通过采用生活污水分别水培吊兰、空心菜和水芹,研究了水培植物净化系统不同氮磷去除作用对氮磷去除的贡献.结果表明,吊兰、空心菜和水芹三种水培植物净化系统中,微生物及其它作用对氮磷去除的贡献最大,植物吸收作用对氮磷去除的贡献次之;而沉淀作用、粘附作用和吸附作用对氮磷去除的贡献相对较小.在吊兰、空心菜和水芹三种水培植物净化...