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61.
快速城市化区域表层土壤中杀虫剂的空间分布及风险评估 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探讨快速城市化区域杀虫剂的分布特征,19种被忽视的杀虫剂,即苯基吡唑类(氟虫腈)、氯丹、硫丹、九氯、六氯苯、七氯、狄氏剂、艾氏剂、异狄氏剂、甲氧滴滴涕及其代谢产物被用来分析在珠江三角洲(珠三角)及其周边区域229个土壤样品中的浓度水平和空间分布.结果表明,高浓度的杀虫剂主要集中在珠三角中心地区,而低浓度的杀虫剂则分布在珠三角周边区域,这个分布模式与国民生产总值和人口密度的分布相似,表明社会经济因素对杀虫剂的分布有一定的影响.此外,在城市化发展进程中,土地使用类型的转变也可能会导致原城镇农耕地变成现城市居民区,从而使得禁用农药在珠三角中心区域浓度高.来源分析表明在珠三角及其周边区域土壤存在工业氯丹的新输入源.氟虫腈由于半衰期比较短,在很大部分的土壤样品中转化成了氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈硫醚.对土壤中19种杀虫剂进行人体风险评估发现,6个在高人口密度区域收集的样品对人体有潜在的致癌或非致癌风险.因此这些被忽视的杀虫剂在将来环境研究中需要引起关注. 相似文献
62.
ABSTRACT: Several factors affect the occurrence and transport of pesticides in surface waters of the 29,400 km2 White River Basin in Indiana. A relationship was found between pesticide use and the average annual concentration of that pesticide in the White River, although this relationship varies for different classes of pesticides. About one percent of the mass applied of each of the commonly used agricultural herbicides was transported from the basin via the White River. Peak pesticide concentrations were typically highest in late spring or early summer and were associated with periods of runoff following application. Concentrations of diazinon were higher in an urban basin than in two agricultural basins, corresponding to the common use of this insecticide on lawns and gardens in urban areas. Concentrations of atrazine, a corn herbicide widely used in the White River Basin, were higher in an agricultural basin with permeable, well‐drained soils, than in an agricultural basin with less permeable, more poorly drained soils. Although use of butylate and cyanazine was comparable in the White River Basin between 1992 and 1994, concentrations in the White River of butylate, which is incorporated into soil, were substantially less than for cyanazine, which is typically applied to the soil surface. 相似文献
63.
有机磷农药对不同生物来源的胆碱酯酶选择性抑制的研究 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20
用酶电极法研究了有机磷农药对3种不同生物来源的乙酰胆碱酯酶的选择性抑制,发现敌敌畏对家蝇的AchE抑制最强,电鳐次之,鸡肝阳弱,同时研究了5种农药对电鳐AchE的选择性抑制能力,发现9.8×10^-8mol/L的辛硫磷即可抑制其活性的10%。 相似文献
64.
Organophosphorus insecticide residues in farm ditches of the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia
Michael T. Wan Sunny Szeto P. Price 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):917-949
Abstract Farm ditches flowing into three important rivers in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada, were sampled periodically at seven locations from July to December in 1991, to determine the occurrence and levels of seven organophosphorus (OP) insecticides. Based oh sales records for the year, the uses of OP insecticides in this area were as follows: malathion > diazinon > parathion > dimethoate > azinphos‐methyl > fensulfothion, but no sales of chlorfenvinphos. Residues of parathion, diazinon, fensulfothion, dimethoate and chlorfenvinphos were detected at levels ranging from 1 ‐ 7,785 >μg/kg in cropped soils collected from areas adjacent to the sites for sampling ditch water and sediments. Malathion and azinphos‐methyl were not detected in any of the substrates studied, demonstrating their rapid degradation in the environment. Diazinon and dimethoate were consistently found in ditch water at seven locations, with an average concentration of 0.07 μg/L and 0.27 μg/L, respectively. Fensulfothion and parathion, with an average concentration of 0.08 μg/L and 0.17 μg/L, respectively, were sporadically found in ditch water at two locations. In ditch sediments, diazinon was detected at three locations and fensulfothion at two. The average concentrations of these two insecticides were 16 μg/kg and 9 jug/kg, respectively. The potential impact on aquatic organisms of these OP insecticides in ditches is discussed. 相似文献
65.
Miren Pena-Abaurrea Liesbeth Weijs Lourdes Ramos Nicoletta Borghesi Simonetta Corsolini Hugo Neels Ronny Blust Adrian Covaci 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1477-1482
In the present study, bioaccumulation potential of two pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin and permethrin, was measured using a Lumbriculus variegatus sediment bioaccumulation test. Two sediments differing in their physical characteristics and two different aging periods were tested. Desorption rates measured by Tenax extraction suggested that pyrethroids were bioavailable to L. variegatus, however bioavailability varied among chemicals, sediments and aging time, and was greater for permethrin than bifenthrin. The relatively low biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values resulted from the extensive biotransformation of pyrethroids by L. variegatus. Biotransformation capacity of L. variegatus to permethrin was further studied with a water-only exposure, and the percentage parent compound dropped to 36.0% after 14 d. These results indicated sediment-associated pyrethroids were bioavailable to L. variegatus, however bioaccumulation was limited because L. variegatus was capable of biotransforming the pyrethroids. 相似文献
66.