超声辅助电催化氧化降解水杨酸的研究

通过对水杨酸降解的UV扫描吸收光谱的研究表明,在水杨酸的电催化氧化和超声辅助电催化氧化降解过程中,都有吸收紫外光的中间体生成,对吸光度峰值随降解反应时间的变化关系进行非线性最小二乘法拟合(NLSF),发现其衰减均符合表观一级反应动力学规律;而COD值的衰减也都符合表观一级反应动力学规律。GC-MS检测到水杨酸超声辅助电催化氧化降解60 min后,有中间产物甲酸、乙酸、苯酚,认为是水杨酸在.OH的作用下,开环氧化降解生成乙酸和甲酸等小分子有机物,最后降解为二氧化碳和水。     

萘普生在氯消毒过程中的去除、转化与风险评价

药用活性化合物（PhACs）在氯消毒过程中生成消毒副产物的问题引起了广泛关注.以典型PhACs物质萘普生（NAP）为研究对象,考察各因素对游离氯与NAP反应的影响,探究NAP氯化机制并进行风险评估.结果表明,NAP氯化反应遵循一级反应动力学,NAP在氯化过程中的降解率和反应速率常数随着NAP初始浓度和氨根离子投加量的增加而降低,随着游离氯初始浓度的增加而增大,酸性条件下更有利于NAP的氯化反应.基于HPLC-MS/MS分析鉴定出5种含氯降解中间产物,并提出氯化NAP反应机制.ESCOAR风险预测和发光菌毒性分析表明氯化NAP过程中生成了毒性更高的中间产物,对饮用水安全可能构成潜在威胁.     

Fenton氧化4-氯酚降解机制研究

为了深入探讨4-氯酚（4-CP）在Fenton氧化体系中的降解机制,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）等多种手段系统分析了反应过程中Fe2＋、Cl-、氧化中间产物对苯二酚、1,4-苯醌、4-氯邻苯二酚和4-氯间苯二酚的浓度以及氧化还原电位（ORP）的变化规律.研究结果表明,Fe2＋浓度经历了短暂的下降之后迅速上升到接近初始的...     

对硫磷的臭氧降解动力与机制

研究了臭氧降解对硫磷的机制、降解中间产物及影响因素。结果表明,对硫磷的臭氧降解是一个臭氧直接氧化为主和羟基自由基间接氧化为辅的氧化过程,并遵循假二级动力学。50mM离子清除剂叔丁醇使对硫磷的降解速率常数从0．09372min^-1降到0．06397min^-1,但溶液pH值对降解速率常数则无明显影响。通过GC／MS分析,确定了对氧磷为对硫磷的臭氧降解中间产物。较高的对硫磷起始浓度和离子清除剂的存在不利于对氧磷进一步降解。     

Biodegradation of methyl parathion by Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04

Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.     

生物膜电极法降解硝基苯的研究

文章研究了生物膜电极对硝基苯的降解。初始浓度43mg/L时,培养驯化后的生物膜电极对硝基苯的24h去除率可达94.52%。继续提高硝基苯初始浓度,实验得到的峰值降解能力为296mg/dm.2d。动力学特征分析表明,降解为底物抑制的生物催化。质谱检测了硝基苯降解中间产物,并推测其开环途径为还原过程,阴极还原性对开环历程起到关键性影响。     

石化企业中间罐区VOCs治理工艺选择与流程优化

石化企业中间罐区VOCs排放量较大,多采用吸收、冷凝、膜分离及其组合工艺进行处理。本文采用AspenPlus软件分别对高、中、低浓度中间罐区VOCs废气应用上述3种工艺及其工艺组合的处理效果进行模拟计算。结果表明:中间罐区的VOCs经过不同组合的二级处理后,尾气VOCs质量浓度约为9～50 g/m~3,后续仍需采用深度处理工艺以满足新的国家及地方污染物排放标准要求;同时,对比3种工艺能耗情况,冷凝法最低,膜分离法次之,吸收法最高,约为冷凝法能耗的5～10倍。以上模拟计算结果与实际工况数据基本符合,证明采用Aspen Plus软件进行石化企业中间罐区VOCs治理工艺选择与流程优化是可行的,具有一定的参考价值。     

电化学氧化除氨氮过程中羟基自由基及中间产物定量分析

采用高效液相色谱对电化学氧化除氨氮过程,不同电流密度,Cl-浓度及初始pH值的·OH进行定量检测和分析,同时,对不同初始pH值和电流密度下,电化学氧化除氨氮的中间产物进行了定量分析,结果表明:·OH产生量与电流密度成正比,当有Cl-存在,且在碱性条件下会抑制·OH的产生;初始pH值为偏碱性时,NO2-和氯胺的产量均有所增加.建议电化学氧化脱氨氮过程,尽量保持溶液pH值在中性或酸性条件下;电流密度对氨氮电化学氧化过程中各中间产物的量有着较大影响,在电流密度为10mA/cm2时,活性物质产量最高,且有害中间产物产量最低.     

超滤应用于中水系统反渗透浓水回用的试验研究

河北某电厂拟将中水系统中反渗透浓水采用超滤处理进行回用,研究了浓水水质以及pH值对超滤处理效果的影响。结果表明,pH值在5.5左右时超滤处理效果最好,对该浓水中的有机物和硅的去除效果明显。