Isolation and identification of 3-bromocarbazole-degrading bacteria

In this study, a bacterial strain, CH-1, capable of degrading 3-bromocarbazole (3-BCZ) was isolated from a polluted soil. Based on its physio-biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA genes, strain CH-1 was identified as a Stenotrophomonas sp. Strain CH-1 was able to degrade 70% of 50 mg/L 3-BCZ within 8 d at pH 7.0 and 30°C in mineral salt medium (MSM). During the process, the main intermediate metabolite was identified as (2E, 4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxhexa-2, 4-dienoic by gas (2E, 4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxhexa-2,4-dienoic via gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The metabolite disappeared after 14 d, suggesting that the metabolite can also be degraded by strain CH-1. 3-BCZ is a new persistent organic pollutant. This is the first report of the biodegradation of 3-BCZ. The results indicated that strain CH-1 may be a promising bacterial candidate for the bioremediation of environments polluted with polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs).     

UNITANK工艺提高氮、磷去除率的研究

采用UNITANK工艺处理城市生活污水 ,考察了主体阶段和过渡阶段时间的设置对除磷脱氮处理效果的影响 ,并提出通过氧化还原电位进行释磷和反硝化监控的设想     

Ni,Fe氧化物对吐氏酸废水催化臭氧化研究

用浸渍法和附着沉淀法制备了６种以Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ为活性组分，γＡｌ２Ｏ３载体的国型催化剂，催化臭经处理难生物降解的典型染料中间体废水－吐氏酸废水。初始ＣＯＤｃ浓度为１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右的废水，当臭氧投加量为０．８ｇ／Ｌ时，在活性最高的催化剂作用下，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率大于５０％，而没有催化剂作用时小于３０％。     

Fenton氧化-生化组合工艺处理染料中间体废水

针对染料中间体废水具有COD高、BOD5/COD低和具有生物毒性的特性,采用Fenton氧化-水解酸化-好氧组合工艺进行染料中间体生产废水的处理试验,试验结果表明:废水经Fenton氧化及水解酸化工序后,废水的BOD5/COD值由0.03升高至0.48,经好氧生化工序处理后的出水COD和BOD5浓度分别达122.6 mg/L和54.6 mg/L,符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准,该组合工艺COD总去除率达94%.     

代谢产物积累对二氯甲烷生物降解的影响

研究了代谢调节产物(NaCl)浓度积累对生物法降解二氯甲烷效率的影响。试验表明,一定浓度的NaCl对二氯甲烷降解菌(GD11)的生长有不同程度的抑制作用。摇瓶试验中NaCl对二氯甲烷降解菌的抑制浓度为35.1g/L;当空塔气速91.7m/h、二氯甲烷进口浓度2.02g/m3、温度28.5℃、循环液流量0.06m3/h、pH值6.5～7.5时,生物滴滤塔中NaCl对二氯甲烷降解菌的抑制浓度为23.4g/L,两者相比有一定差异。NaCl浓度对生物膜的厚度有一定影响,这从侧面反映了NaCl浓度对微生物活性的影响。     

Degradation of a chiral nonylphenol isomer in two agricultural soils

The degradation of a chiral nonylphenol isomer, 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethylpentyl)phenol (NP₁₁₂), in two agricultural soils from Monheim and Dortmund, Germany has been studied. The degradation of NP₁₁₂ and the formation of a nitro-nonylphenol metabolite were determined by means of GC-MS analysis. The degradation followed bi-exponential order kinetics, with half-life of less than 5 days in both soils. The nitro-metabolite was found at different concentration levels in the two soils. The nitro-metabolite of NP₁₁₂ was more persistent than its parent compound. After 150 days about 13% of the initially applied NP₁₁₂ remained in the Monheim soil as its nitro-metabolite. Results of the E-screen assay revealed that the nitro-NP₁₁₂ has oestrogenic potency of 85% of that of NP₁₁₂. Furthermore, the results of chiral GC-MS analysis revealed that no chiral degradation of NP₁₁₂ occurred in this study.     

Enantioselectivity in toxicity and degradation of dichlorprop-methyl in algal cultures

Enantioselectivity in the toxicity and degradation of the herbicide dichlorprop-methyl (2,4-DCPPM) in algal cultures was studied. Enantioselectivity was clearly observed in the toxicity of racemic 2,4-DCPPM and its two enantiomers. R-2,4-DCPPM showed low toxicity to Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris, but higher toxicity to Scenedesmus obliquus. The observed toxicity was ranked: R-2,4-DCPPM > S-2,4-DCPPM ? Rac-2,4-DCPPM; the toxicity of R-2,4-DCPPM was about 8-fold higher than that of Rac-2,4-DCPPM. Additionally, 2,4-DCPPM was quickly degraded, in the initial 12 h, and different algae cultures had different enantioselectivity for the 2,4-DCPPM enantiomers. There was no significant enantioselectivity for 2,4-DCPPM in Chlorella vulgaris in the initial 7 h. However, racemic 2,4-DCPPM was degraded by Scenedesmus obliquus quickly, in the initial 4 h, much quicker, in fact, than the S- or R-enantiomers (racemate > R- > S-), indicating that the herbicide 2,4-DCPPM was absorbed enantioselectively by Scenedesmus obliquus. The rapid formation of 2,4-DCPP suggested that 2,4-DCPPM adsorbed by algal cells was catalytically hydrolyzed to the free acid, a toxic metabolite. The production rates of 2,4-DCPP were as follows: Scenedesmus obliquus > Chlorella pyrenoidosa > Chlorella vulgaris, consistent with the degradability of 2,4-DCPPM. Scenedesmus obliquus had quick, but different, degradative and uptake abilities for R-, S-, and Rac-2,4-DCPPM. The R- and S- enantiomers were not hydrolyzed in the first 12 h, while both enantiomers were hydrolyzed slowly after that. These results indicate that some physical and chemical properties of compounds are of importance in determining their enantioselective toxicity and degradation. The ester and its metabolite likely played an important role in enantioselective toxicity to the three algae.     

二氧化氯在中水回用作电厂循环水中的杀菌特点

分析了中水作为电厂循环冷却水的特点,对比了Cl2和ClO2对此类水体的杀菌特点,分析了ClO2在硝化菌类存在下的化学变化。在总结实际应用效果的基础上,肯定了ClO2在中水回用作电厂循环水中有独到的杀菌作用。     

Development of competitive immunoassays to hydroxyl containing fungicide metabolites

This paper describes the isolation of monoclonal antibodies and the development of competitive immunoassays to pesticide metabolites of the fungicides imazalil, carbendazim and thiabendazole. The metabolite specific hydroxyl residues were used as the reactive group with which to link the metabolite to the carrier proteins Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin (KLH) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). In each case immune responses in mice were raised and monoclonal antibodies were produced. Antibodies were developed into competitive ELISAs to the appropriate metabolite. The antibody raised to a metabolite of imazalil was optimised into a competitive ELISA format which had an assay IC50 of 7.5 μg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 μg/L. A single antibody isolated against the metabolite of carbendazim had assay IC50s of 3.2 and 2.7 μg/L for the metabolites of carbendazim and thiabendazole respectively with an LOD of 0.38 μg/L for both. These sensitive immunoassays may have application in the monitoring of human exposure to these fungicide residues either by occupational or non-occupational routes.