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61.
Faezeh Ghanati Parviz Abdolmaleki Majid Vaezzadeh Elham Rajabbeigi Mohammad Yazdani 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):429-434
In the present research, the effects of static magnetic field, with or without iron on the growth, the activity of certain
enzymes (like polyphenol oxidase and phenyle alanine ammonialyase), the content of phenolic compounds and the essential oil
composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) were studied. Treatment of plants with static magnetic field with or without iron led to decrease of the growth of plants
as well as decrease in the activity of phenyle alanine ammonialyase and of phenolic compounds content. In addition in those
plants exposed to magnetic field the amount of essential oils, notably of methyl chavicol, was increased. Exposure of plants
to the magnetic field decreased the activity of polyphenol oxidase, whereas treatment of plants with iron when exposed to
magnetic field increased polyphenol oxidase activity. In this group the content of essential oil was reduced. 相似文献
62.
采用ClO2氧化法预处理联苯胺类染料中间体生产废水,探讨了影响COD和联苯胺去除率的主要因素,并采用GC/MS技术对ClO2氧化前后废水中的有机组分进行了分析。实验确定了较佳的工艺参数:ClO2加入量为45~55 mg/L,ClO2与联苯胺的化学计量比控制在(3.0~3.5)∶1,反应时间为 30~35 min。在此条件下,ClO2氧化后出水中联苯胺去除率达到80%以上,联苯胺类污染物含量得到有效降低,废水BOD5/COD由原水的0.18提高到0.40。该方法能提高废水的可生化性,是一种较好的生化预处理技术。 相似文献
63.
G. S. Kalacheva E. S. Zadereev V. G. Gubanov I. V. Gribovskaya 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2000,31(2):113-117
The chemical composition of water conditioned by colonies ofMoina macrocopa and involved in the regulation of their life cycle was analyzed in comparison with water samples from natural water bodies.
Dechlorinated tap water was used as the control medium. The results showed that metabolism of crustaceans leads to an increase
in the concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in all forms, the appearance of protein and carbohydrate fractions, and changes
in the composition of lipid fractions in the water conditioned by their colonies. The contents of all organic components are
very low, which makes their identification difficult. Concentrations of substances identified in the conditioned water do
not exceed those occurring in nature. 相似文献
64.
Part V—sorption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Background, aim, and scope Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) including antibiotics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and veterinary pharmaceuticals
are emerging pollutants, and their environmental risk was not emphasized until a decade ago. These compounds have been reported
to cause adverse impacts on wildlife and human. However, compared to the studies on hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs)
whose sorption characteristics is reviewed in Part IV of this review series, information on PPCPs is very limited. Thus, a
summary of recent research progress on PPCP sorption in soils or sediments is necessary to clarify research requirements and
directions.
Main features We reviewed the research progress on PPCP sorption in soils or sediments highlighting PPCP sorption different from that of
HOCs. Special function of humic substances (HSs) on PPCP behavior is summarized according to several features of PPCP–soil
or sediment interaction. In addition, we discussed the behavior of xenobiotic chemicals in a three-phase system (dissolved
organic matter (DOM)–mineral–water). The complexity of three-phase systems was also discussed.
Results Nonideal sorption of PPCPs in soils or sediments is generally reported, and PPCP sorption behavior is relatively a more complicated
process compared to HOC sorption, such as the contribution of inorganic fractions, fast degradation and metabolite sorption,
and species-specific sorption mechanism. Thus, mechanistic studies are urgently needed for a better understanding of their
environmental risk and for pollution control.
Discussion Recent research progress on nonideal sorption has not been incorporated into fate modeling of xenobiotic chemicals. A major
reason is the complexity of the three-phase system. First of all, lack of knowledge in describing DOM fractionation after
adsorption by mineral particles is one of the major restrictions for an accurate prediction of xenobiotic chemical behavior
in the presence of DOM. Secondly, no explicit mathematical relationship between HS chemical–physical properties, and their
sorption characteristics has been proposed. Last but not least, nonlinear interactions could exponentially increase the complexity
and uncertainties of environmental fate models for xenobiotics. Discussion on proper simplification of fate modeling in the
framework of nonlinear interactions is still unavailable.
Conclusions Although the methodologies and concepts for studying HOC environmental fate could be adopted for PPCP study, their differences
should be highly understood. Prediction of PPCP environmental behavior needs to combine contributions from various fractions
of soils or sediments and the sorption of their metabolites and different species.
Recommendations and perspectives More detailed studies on PPCP sorption in separated soil or sediment fractions are needed in order to propose a model predicting
PPCP sorption in soils or sediments based on soil or sediment properties. The information on sorption of PPCP metabolites
and species and the competition between them is still not enough to be incorporated into any predictive models. 相似文献
65.
66.
蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸降解酶的特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
从污染地分离筛选出的菌株BX26对蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸有显著的降解脱色作用,降解过程受降解酶的控制,试验结果表明,降解酶为溴氨酸诱导的胞外酶,该酶在温度高于50℃处理后失活,盐度对该酶失活有影响,盐度高于1%会显著降低该酶活力,酶对溴氨酸的催化脱色要有氧参加,氮气气氛中酶活受抑制。 相似文献
67.
水环境中药品和个人护理用品污染现状及研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述了当前国内外药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)在地表水、地下水和饮用水中的污染现状,介绍了水环境中PPCPs污染的危害及其预测、调查与检测方法。提出了我国水环境中PPCPs污染未来的研究方向,包括改进水处理工艺,提高PPCPs的去除效率;提升分析技术水平,拓宽PPCPs的检测种类;深入研究PPCPs产生的环境效应,重视其职业暴露的污染与危害;建立水环境中PPCPs的预测制度及风险评价体系。 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Separate collection of municipal solid waste has overcome the 50% threshold in the Asti District in northern Italy, nearly one-third being composed of household and green organic waste. In order to address present and future solutions, it becomes therefore fundamental to assess the environmental performances of the current management of organic waste from separate collection. A from-gate-to-cradle life cycle assessment (LCA) model has been developed by expanding system boundaries, in order to carry out the assessment in the context of the whole waste management streamline. The environmental performances of an existing aerobic plant were made available, based on field measured data, by paying attention to the role and contribution of waste management subsystems. The need for actual and reliable data on materials and energy input, as well as gross and net gains from materials recovery, including benefits arising from use of compost in farming activities, was probably the major drawback that had to be faced. The study integrated the findings of different investigations from the literature with field measured data in order to obtain a more comprehensive framework representative of the area under study. The results may help public administrators to better understand the suitability of using LCA tools when dealing with solid waste management strategies. 相似文献