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661.
662.
Jain N Bhatia A Kaushik R Kumar S Joshi HC Pathak H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,110(1-3):243-255
Molasses-based distilleries generate large quantities of effluent, which is used for irrigation in many countries including
India. The effluent is rich in organic and inorganic ions, which may leach down and pollute the groundwater. An on-farm experiment
was conducted to assess the impact of long-term irrigation with post-methanation distillery effluent (PMDE) on nitrate, sulphate,
chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium contents in the groundwater of two sites in northwest India. Electrical conductivity
(EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and colour were also determined to assess the chemical
load in the groundwater. Nitrate content in the groundwater samples ranged from 16.95 mg L−1 in the unamended fields to 59.81 mg L−1 in the PMDE-amended fields during the 2-year study (2001–2002). Concentrations of TDS in water samples from tubewell of the
amended field was higher by 40.4% over the tubewell water of the unamended field. Colour of the water samples of the amended
fields was also darker than that of the unamended fields. The study indicated that the organic and inorganic ions added through
the effluent could pose a serious threat to the groundwater quality if applied without proper monitoring. 相似文献
663.
Nan Jiang Qiang Li Fangcheng Su Qun Wang Xue Yu Panru Kang Ruiqin Zhang Xiaoyan Tang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):188-198
PM_(2.5) samples were collected in Zhengzhou during 3 years of observation, and chemical characteristics and source contribution were analyzed. Approximately 96% of the daily PM_(2.5) concentrations and annual average values exceeded the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Daily and Annual Standards, indicating serious PM_(2.5) pollution. The average concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions was 2.4 times higher in heavily polluted days(daily PM32.5 concentrations 250 μg/mand visibility 3 km) than that in other days, with sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium as major ions. According to the ratio of NO-3/SO2-4,stationary sources are still the dominant source of PM_(2.5) and vehicle emission could not be ignored. The ratio of secondary organic carbon to organic carbon indicated that photochemical reactivity in heavily polluted days was more intense than in other days.Crustal elements were the most abundant elements, accounting for more than 60% of 23 elements. Chemical Mass Balance results indicated that the contributions of major sources(i.e., nitrate, sulfate, biomass, carbon and refractory material, coal combustion, soil dust,vehicle, and industry) of PM_(2.5) were 13%, 16%, 12%, 2%, 14%, 8%, 7%, and 8% in heavily polluted days and 20%, 18%, 9%, 2%, 27%, 14%, 15%, and 9% in other days, respectively.Extensive combustion activities were the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the episode(Jan 1-9, 2015) and the total benzo[a]pyrene equivalency concentrations in heavily polluted days present significant health threat. Because of the effect of regional transport, the pollution level of PM_(2.5) in the study area was aggravated. 相似文献
664.
研究了自然环境、垃圾渗滤液及工业废水中广泛存在的金属离子对真菌漆酶(Trametes versicolor)酶活性以及对漆酶催化降解典型溴代阻燃剂四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的影响.金属离子包括Na+、K+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Hg2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Al3+能抑制漆酶酶活性和降低TBBPA的降解转化率,抑制效应随着金属离子浓度的升高而增大;Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+则对漆酶活性和TBBPA去除率均没有显著影响.金属离子的抑制作用主要是通过干扰漆酶的电子传递过程产生的.其中,Fe2+和Hg2+的抑制效应尤为明显,而二者的抑制机制不同,Fe2+竞争消耗O2,Hg2+则通过与漆酶结构中氨基酸络合,改变其构型从而抑制其活性.此外,通过加入介体物质2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物(TEMPO)等物质能够显著提高金属离子存在下漆酶对TBBPA的去除率. 相似文献
665.
本研究对长江三角洲背景地区临安大气本底站夏季PM_(2.5)进行连续采集,并对其分别进行OC/EC和水溶性离子测试分析.研究结果发现,临安夏季PM_(2.5)中OC和EC平均质量浓度分别为(14.3±3.95)μg·m-3和(3.33±1.47)μg·m-3.与城市地区相比,本研究临安背景地区夏季气溶胶中OC和EC相关性较弱(R2=0.31,P0.01).二次无机离子,即SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、NH_4~+(SNA),明显高于其它水溶性无机离子,平均浓度分别为(8.70±5.66)、(2.04±1.07)和(3.25±2.29)μg·m-3.基于对临安夏季PM_(2.5)连续加密观测、气团后向轨迹以及火点图研究分析,发现静稳天气条件和区域传输都可以影响临安地区PM_(2.5)的化学组成特征.此外,通过对临安本底站霾天和清洁天PM_(2.5)化学组成特征比较发现,与清洁天相比,霾污染天气POC和EC占PM_(2.5)的质量分数没有明显变化,而SOC占PM_(2.5)的质量分数却呈现了明显的下降趋势.与SOC不同,SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+占PM_(2.5)的质量分数在霾污染天气均呈现了上升的趋势,说明二次无机离子有另一种明显增强的化学生成路径,即非均相化学反应. 相似文献
666.
Xuefeng Liu Shijie You Fang Ma Hao Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):53
667.
左旋葡聚糖(LG)被广泛作为生物质燃烧的示踪剂.然而,近年来研究表明左旋葡聚糖在大气中不稳定而会发生光降解.此外,对于大气中含量较高的SO42-、NO3-、NO2-无机离子对LG光解的影响罕有报到.为此,本文模拟了液相中SO42-、NO3-、NO2-对LG光氧化行为的影响.结果表明,Na2SO4、NaNO3、NaNO2条件下LG光解速率常数分别为0.208、0.182、0.165 min-1,均低于对照组(0.266 min-1),这表明无机离子的存在会减缓LG光降解速率.此外,这3种无机离子对LG光解产物中的低分子脂肪酸分布,甲酸/乙酸(C1/C2)比率均有重要的影响.其中,SO42-存在下产物中戊二酸较多、NO3-存在下产物中甲酸较多、NO2-存在下产物中乙酸较多;NO2-存在下产物中的C1/C2比率小于1与一般二次源中的C1/C2比率不一致,这表明由单一反应引起的C1/C2并不总是大于1.这些结果对于我们深刻理解大气液相中的有机物转化具有重要的参考价值. 相似文献
668.
In the present study, an attempt has been made to quantify the fenvalerate accumulated in different tissues (gill, muscle and liver) and observe changes involved in the levels of sodium, potassium and calcium ions and Na+–K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities in the freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala on short-term and long-term exposure to the median lethal and sublethal concentration of fenvalerate. Residue analysis using gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) technique revealed that fenvalerate accumulated in highest quantity in gill followed by liver and muscle under median lethal concentration (6?µg?L?1). Whereas in sublethal concentration (0.6?µg?L?1), muscle accumulated highest quantity followed by gill and liver, which might be due to the fact that fenvalerate is highly lyphophilic. The ion concentration and ATPase activity were found effected in fish exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of fenvalerate. Concentration of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions decreased in gill, muscle and liver on being exposed to median lethal concentration to a significant level. Whereas the changes were not highly pronounced at sub lethal level indicating low concentration of fenvalerate and its non-toxic effect at chronic exposure. Na+–K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ATPases activity were also found decreased in correspondence to the ionic change under median lethal and sub lethal concentrations in target tissues. This might have lead to behavioural changes and create wide-spread disturbance in the normal physiology, ultimately causing the death of the fish. The results suggest that in biomonitoring programmes, ions and associated ATPases can be a good diagnostic tool for fenvalerate toxicity. 相似文献
669.
A resin synthesized from tamarind kernel powder possesses high selectivity for metal ions. Distribution coefficients for some metal ions has been determined by the batch method. The influence of pH on ion exchange capacity and K d value of metal ions were studied. The resin has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, chemical composition and ion exchange capacity (IEC). The selectivity order is Pb2+?>?Cu2+?>?Fe2+?>?Zn2+?>?Ni2+. Removal of metal ions from the aqueous solution and from effluents of a steel mill has been studied. 相似文献
670.
南京城区与郊区秋季大气PM_(10)中水溶性离子的特征研究 总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5
对南京市城区与郊区秋季PM10中水溶性离子的浓度水平,变化规律及其相关性进行分析。结果表明:水溶性离子是南京市PM10的重要组成部分,占PM10总量的26.8%~49.5%;NO3-、SO24-为南京PM10中离子的主要成分同时SO24-与PM10的相关性高,在郊区与城区相关系数分别为0.97与0.98;土壤源对Mg2+的贡献多于海洋气溶胶。郊区与城区非海盐Mg2+和Ca2+的比值分别为0.0308~0.0557与0.0314~0.0558,与中国北方沙漠地区相异,说明观测期间南京大气PM10主要受局地源影响;南京城、郊NO3-/SO24-均值分别为0.74和0.80,说明南京市城郊PM10中NO3-与SO24-更多地来自于机动车尾气排放。 相似文献