La-Co-Fe-Cu/HZSM-5在尾气碳颗粒燃烧中的催化性能

采用柠檬酸络合低温浸渍法制备分子筛负载钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂。采用XRD、SEM和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂性能进行表征,并在微型固定床反应器中对催化剂进行活性评价。结果表明,在钙钛矿型复合氧化物中进行B位离子掺杂,可以改善催化活性,碳颗粒燃烧温度降低。在20%LaCoO3/HZSM-5催化剂中用铁离子部分取代钴离子可以改善碳颗粒的燃烧性能,取代量增加碳颗粒燃烧温度降低,但是生成CO2的选择性也降低,以20%LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3/HZSM-5为催化剂,Tig、Tm和Tf分别为256℃、399℃和403℃,但生成CO2的选择性只有72.5%。在20%LaCo1-xFexO3/HZSM-5中的钙钛矿型复合氧化物B位离子中加入铜离子后,在碳颗粒燃烧反应中生成CO2的选择性得到明显改善,Sco2提高10个单位以上。以20%LaCo0.2Fe0.6Cu0.2O3/HZSM-5为催化剂,在碳颗粒燃烧反应中生成CO2的选择性可以达到94.7%,Tig、Tm和Tf分别为242℃、427℃和445℃。     

大型炼化一体化项目清洁生产评价实例研究

炼化一体化、装置大型化为炼油项目的发展趋势,符合清洁生产、循环经济原则。目前炼化一体化项目尚无相应的清洁生产标准。综合指标评价法将定性指标量化与定量指标统一起来,从而能从整体上做出一个明确的判断结果。以国内同行业先进企业各项指标为基准值,对某1000万t/a炼油、100万t/a乙烯一体化项目实例研究表明,采用综合指标评价法进行清洁生产评价,使得定性分析和定量评价结果得到了较好的吻合,评价结果更具科学性与实用性。综合指标评价法不仅可以用于大型炼化一体化项目环境影响评价时的清洁生产评价,也可用于现有工程的清洁生产审核以及企业实施清洁生产绩效评价。     

化学沉淀法处理线路板厂络合铜废水实验研究

为解决某线路板厂络合铜废水达标排放的问题,模拟该厂络合铜废水处理的工艺条件,采用硫酸亚铁和硫化钠相结合的化学沉淀法进行小试,通过正交实验确定最佳药剂投加量.结果表明,影响络合铜废水处理效果的各因素的重要性顺序依次为pH、PAM、FeSO4·7H2O、LIME、Na2S;处理500mL络合铜废水的最佳的操作条件是废水初始...     

低温复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵影响的研究

为了探明低温复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵的影响,开发出适合东北寒区堆肥发酵的微生物菌剂.本研究在0℃以下以牛粪、秸秆为原料,分别设置接种低温复合菌剂堆肥、接种常温菌剂堆肥和自然堆肥3个处理,测定了堆肥过程中温度、p H、C/N、全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和种子发芽指数的动态变化.试验结果表明,接种低温复合菌剂组第11 d进入高温期(50℃),比接种常温菌剂组提前了14 d,最高温度达62℃,高温期维持了9 d,而自然堆肥组一直未进入高温期.至堆肥结束时,接种低温复合菌剂组和接种常温菌剂组的最终p H分别为7.17、7.24;C/N均降到20以下,分别为16.10、15.67;全磷的变化无明显差异;种子发芽指数分别为92%和85%.添加菌剂组较自然堆肥组铵态氮含量明显降低,硝态氮含量增高.综上所述,接种低温复合菌剂可以在低温下促进堆肥迅速起温,并保证了堆肥的腐熟质量.     

雷达装备复杂电磁环境适应性评价研究

目的研究雷达装备的复杂电磁环境适应性评价问题。方法首先分析雷达装备复杂电磁环境适应性的影响因素,继而构建雷达装备复杂电磁环境适应性评价指标体系和模型,最后通过实例验证模型的合理性和方法的可行性。结果雷达装备复杂电磁环境适应性评价指标包括电子对抗侦察环境适应性、电子干扰环境适应性、电子摧毁环境适应性、目标低空环境适应性和目标隐身环境适应性等5个方面。结论算例和分析结论表明,该评价体系反映了雷达装备在复杂电磁环境适应性方面的技术要求,同时,也为雷达装备在电磁环境适应能力上的建设提供了参考。     

高岭石、针铁矿及其二元体对胡敏酸的吸附特性

研究了高岭石、针铁矿及其混合物(KGM)和复合物(KGC)的表面性质及吸附胡敏酸的特性.结果表明,4种物质的比表面积(SSA)表现为针铁矿KGCKGM高岭石,KGM的SSA接近两种纯物质的平均值,而KGC的SSA明显升高.高岭石、针铁矿、KGM和KGC的等电点(IEP)分别为3.2、7.9、6.1和6.7;初始p H=5.0时,其表面Zeta电位分别为-13.9、38.2、14.3和19.7 m V.4种样品对胡敏酸的动力学吸附过程适合用准二级动力学模型描述,表明化学吸附是主要作用机制.一、二位Langmuir模型可较好地拟合等温吸附数据(R~2为0.962~0.993),其中二位Langmuir模型对KGM和KGC吸附数据的拟合度R~2分别为0.989和0.993;Freundlich模型对等温吸附数据的拟合度较低,但两种二元体的拟合度高于两种纯物质.初始p H=5.0时,高岭石、针铁矿、KGM和KGC对胡敏酸的吸附容量(q_(max))分别为6.02、61.83、35.13和42.10 mg·g~(-1);两种二元体的q_(max)都高于两种纯物质q_(max)的平均值,其中KGC的q_(max)明显升高.热力学参数表明,4种样品对胡敏酸的吸附均属于吸热反应,其中高岭石的吸附为非自发过程,其余样品的吸附为自发过程.     

Environmental impact assessment of a proposed info-tech complex in East Calcutta wetlands

An info-tech complex is proposed for 286 acres (116 ha) of land within the East Calcutta wetlands. The proposed site is 15 km east of Kolkata city and only 8 km south of Dum Dum airport. The site is vacant, with pockets of agricultural land and a few degrading water-logged areas. In order to assess the likely impact of the proposed development on the environment, a rapid environmental impact assessment of an area of 10 km radius from the centre of the project site was carried out. The present status of the environment with respect to ambient air, surface water, groundwater, soil, landuse, noise, and socio-economics of the core and buffer zone has been documented and correlated with 24 project activities during construction, development and operational phases. The frequency of adverse impacts is greater than that of beneficial impacts. Out of the total adverse impacts 20 are short term, reversible and have a low magnitude. The total impact score for the proposed project is (–)468.75 and as per the Assessment Value Index Scale the environmental impact of the proposed project activities is no appreciable impact. But there are certain sectors where the environment will be adversely impacted. Therefore, appropriate measures have been suggested to ameliorate the adverse impacts. It is envisaged that if these measures are implemented then there will be an improvement in the quality of the environment, as well as life, by 687.5 units.     

系统结构特征在事故致因中的应用研究

从二维空间的角度出发，提出了系统的结构特征；联系紧密和联系松散；复杂式相互作用和直线式相互作用的概念及其特点，并探讨了系统结构特征在系统事故致因中的应用分析。     

基于洪水灾害快速评估的承灾体易损性信息管理系统

洪水灾害易损性信息管理系统是为了开展洪水灾害快速评估,对不同洪水灾害流域和同一洪水灾害流域中的不同地区、不同承灾体(财产分类)、不同致灾因子(水深和历时等)条件,以财产的损失率为核心的综合信息管理系统。本文介绍了洪水灾害易损性信息管理系统的开发与设计的基本原理,阐述了系统的总体结构框架和功能模块划分,并且在系统数据流程图的基础上,对损失率数据库等几个重要的模块进行了详细的分析与设计,给出了系统的部分运行结果。本系统在与GIS、遥感等空间技术结合后,能够高效地完成各种洪水灾害损失的快速评估与预测分析工作,同时,本系统亦可独立作为对区域洪水灾害易损性研究的数据基础和理论支撑。     

Environmental regulatory compliance on army lands: A case study

A “finding of no significant impact” (FONSI) resulting from an environmental assessment (EA) was reported by the US Army in June 1986 for the construction and utilization of a multipurpose range complex (MPRC) at the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii. There was little public response, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service and state agencies were consulted and had few comments concerning the results of the botanical surveys used in the assessment. Construction of the $24 million project was begun in 1988. Near the end of construction in 1989 a lawsuit was filed to halt construction because an environmental impact statement (EIS) had not been done for the project, and the plaintiff thought that significant damage had occurred to several unusual ecosystems. Judgment was against the plaintiff and construction continued. An appeal was filed with the 9th Circuit Court. As MPRC construction was nearly complete, and on advice of Department of Justice lawyers, the Department of Army agreed to settle out of court. The settlement in part called for: (1) the plaintiff to drop the appeal and allow construction to be completed as scheduled, and (2) the Department of Army to prepare an EIS for the operation of the MPRC. A subsequent botanical survey for the EIS discovered one endangered plant species, four category 1 candidate plant species (taxa with sufficient data to support listing as endangered or threatened), three category 2 candidate plant species (taxa with some evidence of vulnerability but insufficient data to support listing at this time), one category 3a species (presumably extinct taxa), and possibly three undescribed species growing within the MPRC boundary. The MPRC case study is an excellent example of why the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) must be modified to require in-depth and thorough environmental surveys.