高等植物细胞中的钙通道

钙通道在高等植物细胞中参与众多的信号转导过程,对钙通道的研究最近几年获得长足的进步：不仅在质膜中直接发现了电位依赖性的钙通道、牵张刺激激活的机械敏感性钙通道等,而且在液泡膜中发现了众多具有不同开放调控机制的钙通道：受化学信使控制的钙释放通道、电位依赖性钙通道、钙离子诱导的钙释放通道．本文对高等植物细胞中钙通道的研究进行了综述     

虎纹蛙和大树蛙肾细胞超微结构及其与环境适应性的关系

用透射电镜比较了大树蛙和虎纹蛙肾细胞的超微结构，大树蛙近曲小管上皮细胞具发达的质膜内褶迷路，虎纹蛙近曲小管上皮细胞无比结构；小树蛙远曲小管上皮细胞含丰富的质膜内褶，虎纹蛙远曲小管上皮细胞的质膜内褶较少；两种蛙的集合管上皮细胞都有质膜内褶迷路；结果表明，虎纹蛙和大树蛙之间肾细胞超微结构特征的差异是与它们不同的栖息环境和生态习性相适应的。     

微生物燃料电池在水解酸化工艺运行性能评估中的应用

为扩展水解酸化工艺运行性能在线评估的新方法,研究了微生物燃料电池(MFC)对于水解酸化体系正常及异常进水工况下运行情况的反馈性能,考察了MFC作为水解酸化工艺在线监测传感器的可行性。结果表明：在启动运行的第1阶段,将水解酸化体系进水碳氮比条件控制为40∶1时,主要污染物COD的去除率保持在50%,总氮平均去除率20%,MFC电信号也总体平稳;第2阶段,向水解酸化体系进水间歇施加一系列的低碳氮比(0.5∶1、0.5∶1、20∶1、8∶1、4∶1、2∶1、1∶1)冲击,在冲击施加期间,MFC电信号有非常明显的增强峰反馈,且最高电压值与进水中施加的低碳氮比冲击的比值呈线性关系。采用16S rDNA宏基因组高通量测序技术,对比分析了微生物燃料电池阳极室内微生物在接受碳氮比冲击前后的微生物菌群结构的差异,结果显示,多次低碳氮比冲击会促进MFC阳极生物膜中优势菌门厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes和阳极室悬浮物中优势菌门变形菌门Proteobacteria的富集,从而刺激产电。本研究结果可为MFC在水解酸化工艺运行性能评估中的应用提供参考。     

The influence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on steroid hormone production by porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro

Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are frequently occurring in feed of pigs together. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible in vitro effects of DON and ZEA, alone or their combination on steroid secretion of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). A species-specific model with porcine ovarian GCs was used to study the potential endocrine disrupting effects of DON and ZEA alone and in co-exposure. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of this study demonstrate that DON alone at the higher concentrations may act to stimulate P4 (at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL^?1 but not 10 and 100 ng mL^?1) and E2 (at 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL^?1 but not 10, 100 and 1000 ng mL^?1) secretion. The effects of ZEA on P4 and E2 secretion were not confirmed. DON in combination with the other fusariotoxin ZEA may impair steroidogenesis. Results aslo demonstrate different toxicological effects of fusariotoxins on follicle stimulating hormone-induced secretion of P4 and E2. All these results taken together suggest that fusariotoxin and their interactions can impact ovarian steroidogenesis, thereby demonstrating their potential reproductive effects in pigs.     

Histopathological alterations in gill,liver and kidney of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos

Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxicated with sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (O,O,-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) pesticide (1 and 100 μg/L) for a period of 14 days were analyzed under light microscope. Gill exhibited hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill epithelium, blood congestion, dilation of marginal channel, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, lamellar disorganization, lamellar aneurysm, rupture of the lamellar epithelium, rupture of pillar cells and necrosis. Alterations in hepatocytes were more pronounced, including nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, cellular atrophy, irregular contour of cells and nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, cellular rupture, pyknotic nucleus, necrosis and melanomacrophages aggregations. Histopathological lesions in kidney were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, narrowing of tubular lumen, cytoplasmic vacuolation, hyaline droplet degeneration, nuclear degeneration, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular regeneration, dilation of glomerular capillaries, degeneration of glomerulus and hemorrhage in Bowman's space. The most significant conclusion drawn from this study was that with the increased concentration and duration the toxicosis of chlorpyrifos would be enhanced as shown through the analysis of mean assessment value (MAV) and degree of tissue changes (DTC) also.     

基因工程菌强化芳香化合物的处理工艺

分别固定克隆有甲苯加双氧酶基因的工程菌和筛选出的野生菌株,串联两种固定化细胞反应器,研究以基因工程菌突破关键步骤的限制,筛选菌株辅助完成彻底降解芳香类污染物复合工艺可行性和强化效果.克隆有苯降解过程中的关键基因——甲苯加双氧酶的基因工程菌E. coli. JM109(pKST11)对苯具有较高的降解效率和降解速度,应用于固定化细胞反应器中效果突出.在较短的水力停留时间内,可以将1500mg/L苯降解70%,降解速度为1.11mg/(Ls),延长水力停留时间,可以使去除率达到95%以上.该反应器对高浓度的苯具有突出的处理效果.同时所得到的产物为环己二烯双醇,可以被野生非高效菌W3快速利用.     

Prenatal diagnosis: does it alter outcome?

The prenatal detection of urinary tract anomalies is changing paediatric practice but in many areas the impact on clinical outcome remains difficult to quantify. However it is already apparent that termination of pregnancy has reduced the numbers of infants with lethal pulmonary hypoplasia and renal dsyplasia who would previously have been liveborn but destined to succumb as neonates. Similarly, referrals of major non lethal abnormalities such as bladder exstrophy are declining as parents increasingly opt for termination. Fetuses at greatest risk of early onset postnatal renal failure can now be identified with considerable accuracy on prenatal ultrasound. Termination, prompted by quality of life considerations, could result in reduced numbers of infants and young children requiring end stage renal failure treatment in the first few years of life. Pre natal detection of anomalies such as PUJ obstruction and reflux undoubtedly provides an opportunity to avert functional deterioration and minimise urinary infection. But the proportion of children who genuinely benefit has proved difficult to assess. The prenatal detection of mild dilatation is of doubtful benefit in all but a minority of cases. Clinically significant underlying pathology is rare yet this common prenatal finding often generates disproportionate parental anxiety. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东大湖养鱼场水质遗传毒理的检测研究

本文报道了利用蚕豆根尖微核技术和鱼周血有核红细胞微核技术检测东大潮5个渔场的水质污染情况。结果为：各渔场蚕豆根尖MCN‰与对照（自来水）存在显著差异（F＞F(0．01)，P＜0．01），根据污染指数划分：A、B两渔场为重污染，C、D为中度污染，E为轻污染。各渔场鱼周血有核红细胞MCN‰与无明显污染源水体（柏录）存在着显著性差异（F＞F(0．01)，P＜0．01）。两种方法检测结果呈一致性，污染程度为A≈B＞C≈D＞E。微核率变化主要受污染源性质及位置的影响。将两种遗传毒性检测方法与化学方法检测相配合．能全面、准确、快速地监测水体污染状况，具有广泛的应用前景。     

Relationship between electrogenic performance and physiological change of four wetland plants in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells during non-growing seasons

To find suitable wetland plants for constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells(CW-MFCs),four commonly used wetland plants, including Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius L., Acorus calamus, and Arundo donax, were investigated for their electrogenic performance and physiological changes during non-growing seasons. The maximum power output of12.82 mW/m~2 was achieved in the A. donax CW-MFC only when root exudates were being released. The results also showed that use of an additional carbon source could remarkably improve the performance of electricity generation in the C. indica and A. donax CW-MFCs at relatively low temperatures(2–15°C). However, A. calamus withered before the end of the experiment, whereas the other three plants survived the winter safely, although their relative growth rate values and the maximum quantum yield of PSII(Fv/Fm) significantly declined, and free proline and malondialdehyde significantly accumulated in their leaves.On the basis of correlation analysis, temperature had a greater effect on plant physiology than voltage. The results offer a valuable reference for plant selection for CW-MFCs.     

微生物隔膜在生物阴极MFC中的应用及效能评价

本文构建了2.0L具有微生物隔膜的模块化生物阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),以实际生活污水为底物,在连续流运行模式中,系统考察了微生物隔膜(MS)在MFC长期运行过程中的功能特征.结果表明:发育成熟的微生物隔膜可以稳定维持MFC阴阳极室间的溶解氧(DO)浓度梯度,使阳极室平均DO浓度低于0.5mg/L,同时使完全混合的阴...