磁场对紫色非硫光合细菌脱氢酶活性的影响

研究并比较磁场作用下紫色非硫光合细菌（ＰＳＢ）自然细胞和固定化细胞的某些性质。结果表明在最佳磁场作用下２种细胞的热稳定性、ｐＨ稳定性良好。与不加磁场一样,最适温度为３０℃－４０℃,最适ｐＨ值为８,但自然细胞脱氢酶活力比对照组提高１０％－２０％,固定化细胞提高２０％－３０％。磁场使细胞对金属离子（Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋）敏感性增加。２种细胞最佳磁场值不同,固定化细胞在最佳磁场作用下在４℃     

戊二醛对紫色非硫光合细菌脱氢酶活力的影响

探讨微生物细胞对戊二醛毒性的耐受能力及应用条件的适宜范围,可为废水处理中固定化细胞的应用提供实验基础和理论依据。以紫色非硫光合细菌（PSB）为例,直接用戊二醛作用于细胞,在不同pH值、温度、戊二醛浓度、反应时间等条件下研究戊二醛对PSB脱氢酶活力的影响。结果表明：戊二醛对PSB脱氢酶活力影响的主要限制因素为戊二醛浓度和反应时间。当戊二醛浓度为0.5～1.0％,反应时间为1～2h时,PSB脱氢酶活力回收可达83％以上;PSB细胞经戊二醛处理后,热稳定性增强,pH稳定性无明显变化;并比较出热带假丝酵母菌和PSB对戊二醛的毒性耐受能力大于大肠埃希氏杆菌和芽孢杆菌yol。     

腐殖酸存在下镉和铅对土壤脱氢酶活性的影响

采用室内培养试验研究Cd和Pb污染红壤添加不同组分腐殖酸后,其脱氢酶活性的变化,结果表明,红壤遭受镉和铅污染后,脱氢酶活性显著降低,然而腐殖酸特别是胡敏酸的存在能够使脱氢酶活性得到显著回升,说明腐殖酸与重金属的相互作用对重金属污染土壤微生物活性的改善和修复功能,对土壤有一定的去污降毒作用.不同腐殖酸组分的效应大小为:灰色胡敏酸(GHA)>棕色胡敏酸(BHA)>富里酸(FA),表明分子量愈大、芳构化程度愈高的腐殖酸组分,其对重金属的钝化愈强,从而解除土壤重金属对生物毒害的能力愈强.     

TiO2光催化氧化降解乳酸的工艺及机理研究

以TiO2为催化剂、紫外灯为光源对乳酸进行光催化降解实验,考察了乳酸初始浓度、TiO2用量、反应时间、曝气方式等因素对乳酸降解率的影响,并在此基础上应用正交实验对降解条件进行优化,同时对乳酸的降解机理进行了探索研究.实验结果表明:以300 W紫外汞灯为光源,在乳酸初始浓度为O.5 g/L、TiO2量为0.20 g/L、...     

TiO2光催化氧化降解乳酸的工艺及机理研究

以TiO2为催化剂、紫外灯为光源对乳酸进行光催化降解实验,考察了乳酸初始浓度、TiO2用量、反应时间、曝气方式等因素对乳酸降解率的影响,并在此基础上应用正交实验对降解条件进行优化,同时对乳酸的降解机理进行了探索研究。实验结果表明：以300 W紫外汞灯为光源,在乳酸初始浓度为0.5 g/L、TiO2量为0.20 g/L、反应时间120 min、持续通入空气鼓泡的条件下,乳酸降解效果最佳,乳酸降解率为99.9%;降解12 h总有机碳去除率达91.2%。乳酸光催化降解的反应途径为：乳酸脱羧生成乙醇,乙醇被氧化生成乙醛,进而氧化为乙酸,所有的中间产物被继续降解,最终矿化为CO2和H2O等小分子物质。     

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Coatings for the Modification of Barrier Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Films for Food Packaging Applications

Organic–inorganic hybrid coatings based on poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(lactic acid) as organic phase and silica from tetraethoxysilane as inorganic phase were prepared by the sol–gel approach. Coatings were applied onto poly(lactic acid) films for food packaging in order to improve its barrier properties towards oxygen and water vapour. All the prepared coatings were dense, homogeneous layers characterized by a good adhesion to the substrate. The permeance of the coating layers resulted one order of magnitude lower than that of the uncoated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film. The hydrophilic character of the coating did not permit to gain a significant decrease in the water vapour permeance. The perfect visual transparency of the coatings allows their application without worsening of the esthetical properties of the substrate PLA film.     

一株高效耐冷菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

寒冷地区水温偏低,污水生物处理效果差,出水达标困难。从寒冷地区水土样品中,分离到数株能在2℃下生长的低温菌株,选择优势菌N进行重点研究。从脱氢酶活性机制上,考察了不同条件对N菌株降解能力的影响;对比研究了它与常温活性污泥降解能力和脱氢酶活性的差异。结果表明:N菌株属于耐冷型低温微生物,结合16S rDNA序列同源性分析及生理生化特性鉴定为黄假单胞菌;5℃曝气8 h,接种废水COD、氨氮去除率均在90%以上;低温条件下,该耐冷菌对生活污水降解率比常温活性污泥高出40%,脱氢酶具有更高的活性,在低温污水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Biological control of AFB1-producing Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from brewer's grains,alternative feed intended for swine production in Argentina

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from brewer's grains on Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin B₁ production. The Aspergillus strains tested were inhibited by all the LAB strains assayed. The isolates Lactobacillus brevis B20, P. pentosaceus B86, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B87, L. brevis B131, and Lactobacillus sp. B144 completely suppressed the fungal growth and reduced aflatoxin B₁ production. In conclusion, LAB isolated from brewer's grains show a high inhibitory activity on fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the success of in vitro assays under food environment conditions and to elucidate the antifungal mechanism of these strains.     

In vivo and in vitro metabolism of tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), by the freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica

Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for human health, and many studies were conducted to investigate its adverse effects on humans and other mammals. However, since large amounts of cigarette products are produced and consumed, it is possible that tobacco chemicals can end up in aquatic environments through several routes, thus influencing aquatic organisms. In this study, the presence of tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), in aquatic environment was demonstrated. Since toxic effects on and distribution patterns of tobacco chemicals in aquatic organisms were rarely studied, after results of an acute toxicity pretest were obtained, experiment was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation pattern of NNK and distribution patterns of its metabolites, mainly 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), in NNK-treated freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies showed that NNK was readily converted to NNAL through the carbonyl reduction in bodies of NNK-treated planarians. Tissue concentrations of both chemicals increased in time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, we examined the end products of NNK/NNAL α-hydroxylation in NNK-treated planarians, but only 1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4-butanediol was detected, suggesting that NNK metabolism in planarians partially differs from that in mammalian systems. This is the first report on NNK metabolism in an aquatic organism and can be used as a foundation for developing freshwater planarians as a new in vivo model for the study of NNK toxicology in the future.     

餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥混合消化产沼气协同效应

在(35±0.2)℃温度下,以餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥为原料,设置餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥混合比例(VS)分别为1∶0、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2和0∶1,研究其单独消化与混合消化的系统性能、产甲烷潜力及脱氢酶活性和F420浓度变化。结果表明,混合消化提高了系统稳定性,与餐厨垃圾单独消化相比,添加剩余污泥能调节pH、氨氮浓度和VFA浓度,缩短产气周期;与剩余污泥单独消化相比,添加餐厨垃圾能显著提高沼气产量。混合比例为1∶1组混合消化产甲烷潜力最佳,消化作用的协同效应最为明显,沼气和甲烷产量分别达358.2 mL/g VS和224.1 mL/g VS,较餐厨垃圾和污泥单独消化估计值分别提高了23.09%和36.80%。1∶1混合消化组脱氢酶活性最高达437.33 TFμg/(mL·h),比餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥单独消化分别提高93.60%和40.69%,辅酶F420浓度最高为1.718μmol/L,分别提高17.3%和100.7%。