中国湖泊污染状况的基本评价

湖泊是重要的地表水资源,它们与湖泊周围人群的生活密切相关.由于受到人类生产和生活的影响,湖泊所受的污染越来越严重,盐化(重金属化)、富营养化和酸化正在使水质日益恶化,使人的生存环境遭到不同程度的破坏.如何正确评价中国湖泊的污染状况,合理利用湖泊资源,保护生态环境,是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题.笔者试图通过对中国湖泊污染状况的基本分析,唤起人们对湖泊环境的重视,并提出因地制宜的整治措施.     

抚仙湖面源污染特征及其防治对策

根据抚仙湖径流区污染物负荷量的调查结果,抚仙湖水污染特征以面源为主,面源入湖水量占98%,TP占81.4%,TN占85.9%,因此控制面源是保护抚仙湖的关键。提出了防治抚仙湖面源污染的生态治理及工程治理对策。     

Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

滇池流域农村面源问题浅析

介绍了滇池流域自然和社会经济概况,分析了非点源污染的特性。认为滇池流域农村面源主要由村镇生活污水、农村固体废物、化肥施用、地表径流、土壤侵蚀和流失、畜禽养殖粪便构成。在得出结论的基础上提出了措施。     

滇池治理的核心任务与策略思考

为有效治理滇池的富营养化，应把控制氮磷明确作为核心任务。入湖水的水质应全部按地表水Ⅲ一Ⅳ类的标准控制，对内源要实行清除或钝化，这些在技术和经济上已越来越接近可能，关键是认识要清晰，要建立合理的机制，保证决策的科学性、系统性和连续性，并狠抓落实。     

重庆解放碑地区环境噪声十年变化及规律

通过对解放碑商业中心区1991－2000年环境噪声监测结果的分析评价，比较了十年均噪声的时间分布污染和1998－2000年的季平均噪声的时间分布污染状况，得出该商业地区噪声污染在昼间15：00－17：00最高，夜间在4：00左右最低；四季中，秋季的昼间噪声最高，冬季的夜间的噪声最低，其昼间噪声的波动幅度也较小，与人群的社会行为活动密切相关。     

湖泊富营养化程度的灰色系统评价

将灰色系统理论应用于湖泊富营化程度的评价中，并建立了相应的隶属函数模型，实例分析表明，该方法具有计算简便，分辨率高，评估结果客观，合理等特点。     

滇池环保疏浚工程中的新型土工管袋围埝--国内首次土工管袋围埝生产性试验工程设计

介绍了滇池草海污染底泥疏浚工程中在柳苑堆场进行土工管袋围埝生产性试验工程的设计概况，并在技术，经济，环保等方面与传统的编织袋装土围埝做比较。     

柴油发电机噪声治理改造工程一例

介绍一例窄小空间的大功率柴油发电机噪声改造工程。通过对原机房的改造 ,增加隔声、吸声、通风等措施 ,使发电机噪声排放达标     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]