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氯化镉暴露对斑马鱼幼鱼神经行为毒性作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探索低剂量镉持续暴露对斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼神经发育的影响,将受精后36h(36hpf)的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度氯化镉受试液中持续至受精后6d(6dpf)。在一般毒性观察的基础上,采用高通量视频跟踪技术检测了48孔板中幼鱼的自发运动能力和对外界刺激产生的惊恐反应及恢复能力。结果显示:在不引起外观形态明显改变的暴露剂量下幼鱼自发运动表现异常。其中,0.1~0.5μmol·L-1暴露组幼鱼自发运动增多、轨迹紊乱、刻板式转向运动增加、触壁活动减少;1.0μmol·L-1暴露组幼鱼出现运动抑制、静止和原地震颤等状态,幼鱼的自发运动距离与氯化镉浓度关系呈现剂量依赖性倒"U"型,这种行为毒性效应与乙醇急性暴露引起的运动效应相似。光照惊恐反射实验中,暴露组幼鱼对突发的光暗变化表现敏感或迟钝。在撤除光源后暗适应减慢或加快。以上结果说明,斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼对氯化镉的神经发育毒性作用敏感,并且高通量的幼鱼神经行为学方法在外源性化学物的毒性评价中能够提高检测效率,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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辣根过氧化物酶在体外条件下对青蒿素生物合成的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过细胞提取液,在体外条件下研究了辣根过氧化物酶对青蒿素生物合成的影响.细胞提取液以磷酸与Tris两种缓冲液制备.结果表明,辣根过氧化物酶在以磷酸缓冲液制备的细胞提取液中,很大地促进了青蒿素的生物合成,青蒿素的含量提高约1倍左右,而外加青蒿酸对青蒿素的生物合成并无显著的影响.以Tris缓冲液制备细胞提取液,外加过氧化物酶并不能促进青蒿素的生物合成.图4参12 相似文献
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J. P. H. van Wyk 《The Environmentalist》2001,21(3):211-220
Used paper, a potential resource of alternative energy, can be recycled but mostly it forms a significant component of solid waste. Used office paper, foolscap paper, filter paper and newspaper have been treated with cellulase from Trichoderma reesei and Penicillium funiculosum to bioconvert their cellulose component into sugars. Both non-pretreated and pretreated paper was incubated successively with the two cellulases during four consecutive incubation periods of 1 h each. The amount of sugars released during this sequential treatment was compared with the total sugar produced during a 4 h period of continuous incubation with each enzyme system independently. Pre-treatment milling of paper proved to effectively increase the sugar formation under all incubation conditions. Successive incubation with the two enzyme systems of both non-pretreated and pretreated paper materials was more efficient than the corresponding continuous bioconversion. The highest relative sugar yield was experienced during successive treatment of pretreated materials when T. reesei cellulase initiated the degradation. However, maximum bioconversion of pretreated newspaper was obtained when P. funiculosum initiated degradation. Pretreated foolscap paper was the most susceptible substrate with maximum bioconversion when exposed to both forms of successive cellulase treatment. 相似文献
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This communication presents a preliminary study conducted to investigate dye (Direct Brown 2‐Diazo) colour removal using viable algae Spirogyra species. The results indicate the ability of algae Spirogyra species to remove dye colour and found to be dependent on the contact time and biomass. Colour removal mechanism by algae Spirogyra species may be attributed to biosorption and/or bioconversion and/or biocoagulation. 相似文献
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测定了4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油、10%苯扎溴铵溶剂和5%马拉硫磷溶剂3种杀虫剂对羽摇蚊四龄幼虫的急性毒性.结果表明,3种杀虫剂处理羽摇蚊幼虫4天,随着杀虫剂浓度的增加,每天的存活率呈下降趋势.氯氰菊酯对羽摇蚊幼虫的24h - LC50、48h- LC50、72h- LC50、96h- LC50分别为20.865、3.073、0.801、0.375mg/L,苯扎溴铵对羽摇蚊幼虫的24h- LC50、48h- LC50、72h -LC50、96h -LC50分别为1.358、0.201、0.024、0.013mg/L;马拉硫磷对羽摇蚊幼虫的24h- LC50、48h - LC50、72h- LC50、96h - LC50分别为15.393、3.343、0.613、0.305mg/L.苯扎溴铵对羽摇蚊四龄幼虫的毒性最高,其次为马拉硫磷,氯氰菊酯毒性最低. 相似文献
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This study was undertaken to screen the filamentous fungi isolated from its relevant habitats (wastewater, sewage sludge and sludge cake) for the bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge. A total of 35 fungal strains were tested against wastewater sludge (total suspended solids, TSS 1%-5% w/w) to evaluate its potentiality for enhancing the biodegradability and dewaterability using liquid state bioconversion(LSB) process. The strains were divided into five groups i. e. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Basidiomycete and Miscellaneous, respectively. The strains WWZP1003, SCahmA103, SCahmT105 and PC-9 among their respective groups of Penicillium,Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Basidiomycete played potential roles in terms of separation (formation of pellets/flocs/filaments),biodegradation(removal of COD) and filtration(filterability) of treated domestic wastewater sludge. The Miscellaneous group was not considered due to its unsatisfactory results as compared to the other groups. The pH value was also influenced by the microbial treatment during fermentation process. The filterability of treated sludge was improved by fungal treatment, and lowest filtration time was recorded for the strain WWZP1003 and SCahmA103 of Penicillium and Aspergillus groups respectively compared with other strains. 相似文献