二噁英降解酶的研究进展

二噁英是一类广泛分布于环境中的持久性有机污染物,它们能够在食物链中逐级积累,并可引发多种细胞毒性,严重影响生态系统和人类健康。在众多二噁英降解方法中,生物降解法以环境友好和低成本等优点一直受到国内外学者的青睐,而二噁英降解酶是生物降解法中的关键物质。简要综述了近年来二噁英典型降解酶的降解机制、效果和编码基因等方面研究进展,并对二噁英降解酶未来的研究和应用方向进行了展望。     

横向穿越滑坡段埋地管道应变响应特性研究*

为准确描述横向滑坡作用下管道非线性响应特征,采用非线性自适应网格技术建立横向穿越滑坡段埋地管道三维有限元模型,利用非线性接触模型表征管土之间、滑坡体与非滑坡体之间的相互作用,探究滑坡位移、埋深及壁厚对管道应变响应特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着滑坡位移增大,滑坡体与非滑坡体交界区域和管道位移最大区域两侧管道应变显著增大,易发生失效;结合应变失效判定准则分析,管道不发生失效的最大滑坡位移、最小管道壁厚及最大埋深,在本文算例中分别是0.36 m、9.50 mm、0.97 m。因此管道经过滑坡区时,可适当增大壁厚、减小埋深;滑坡发生后,应重点关注滑坡体与非滑坡体交界区域及管道位移最大区域两侧的变形情况。研究结果可为穿越横向滑坡管道的设计及安全运营提供一定参考。     

Isolated mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: a retrospective analysis of 26 cases

We retrospectively studied 26 fetuses with isolated mild cerebral ventriculomegaly diagnosed between 1992 and 1998 and defined by a lateral ventricular atrial diameter of 10–15 mm without any other cerebral anomaly. Our objectives were to determine maternal risk factors, to evaluate complementary investigations, to assess developmental prognosis and to propose possible management. During pregnancy 10/26 patients had regressive ventriculomegalies, ten remained borderline at birth and six were confirmed postnatally. No maternal risk factors were identified. Prenatal investigations were carried out in 69% of cases but in only a few cases supplied any information. Postnatal examinations revealed one case of Down syndrome and one of porencephaly. Four children were lost to follow-up. In the 22 other cases, four had developmental delay. Early and unexplained mild ventriculomegaly appears to have a good prognosis. If ventriculomegaly is persistent, prenatal management should be carried out to investigate chromosomal abnormalities, viral infection, and fetal cerebral parenchymal damage. A long postnatal clinical follow-up is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of naphthalene metabolism by white rot fungus Armillaria sp. F022

Armillaria sp. F022, a white rot fungus isolated from tropical rain forest (Samarinda, Indonesia) was used to biodegrade naphthalene in cultured medium. Transformation of naphthalene by Armillaria sp. F022 which is able to use naphthalene, a two ring-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) as a source of carbon and energy was investigated. The metabolic pathway was elucidated by identifying metabolites, biotransformation studies and monitoring enzyme activities in cell-free extracts. The identification of metabolites suggests that Armillaria sp. F022 initiates its attack on naphthalene by dioxygenation at its C-1 and C-4 positions to give 1,4-naphthoquinone. The intermediate 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylic acid, and the characteristic of the meta-cleavage of the resulting diol were identified in the long-term incubation. A part from typical metabolites of naphthalene degradation known from mesophiles, benzoic acid was identified as the next intermediate for the naphthalene pathway of this Armillaria sp. F022. Neither phthalic acid, catechol and cis,cis-muconic acid metabolites were detected in culture extracts. Several enzymes (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, 1,2-dioxygenase and 2,3-dioxygenase) produced by Armillaria sp. F022 were detected during the incubation.     

Impact of chronic cadmium exposure at environmental dose on escape behaviour in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.; Teleostei, Moronidae)

The effect of chronic exposure to a low concentration (0.5 microg l(-1)) of cadmium ions was investigated on escape behaviour of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, using video analysis. Observations were also performed on the microanatomy of lateral system neuromasts. When fish were exposed for 4h per day over 8 days to the cadmium ions, most of both types of neuromasts observed remained intact. However, some of them presented damaged sensory maculae. Whereas before cadmium exposure, fish responded positively to nearly all the lateral system stimulations, after exposure they decreased by about 10% their positive responses to stimulations. From the 15th day after the beginning of cadmium exposure, neuromasts presented progressively less damage, cadmium accumulation in gills and scales decreased significantly and fish escape behaviour had recovered. This study presents a new concept in ecotoxicology: using behavioural change to reveal the effects of pollution levels, scarcely detectable by currently used techniques (physiological responses).     

四辊轧机横向刚度的理论计算

运用影响函数法,对不同工艺制度及轧机参数条件下的轧机横向刚度进行了理论计算及分析讨论.     

浅谈地铁地下区间侧向疏散平台疏散

区间疏散是地铁设计需要重点考虑的防灾设计问题.为了研究有效的地铁区间疏散方式,利用基于个体的人员疏散计算模拟方法,对不同的区间疏散方式下的疏散能力、疏散时间和疏散瓶颈位置进行了计算模拟研究.研究表明端门疏散方式的瓶颈在客车司机与客室之间的门和车辆端头门的下行梯位置,而侧向平台疏散方式的瓶颈在于疏散平台的宽度;侧向疏散平台方式可以让疏散乘客“较为有序”,整体疏散时间比端门疏散有了较大的缩短.当疏散平台宽度增加至800mm时,疏散时可以形成两股疏散人流,进一步提高疏散效率.分析结果可为工程设计人员、安全评估人员提供参考.     

综合环境应力可靠性试验系统的配置设计及主要技术指标论证

综合环境应力可靠性试验系统是实施电子设备可靠性试验的重要技术手段，根据试验对象的试验技术要求编制试验设备系统配置及主要技术指标是关系试验设备能否完成试验任务的关键。正确合理地编制系统配置和技术指标无论于技术角度和经济角度都有着十分重要的意义。正确的配置设计和指标论证依托于对试验设备构成技术的深入研究和相关关系的准确把握。综合环境应力可靠性试验系统的配置设计和技术指标论证方法，对其他环境试验设备的选型论证也有一定的指导意义。     

大型构件试品实施振动试验时的若干问题探讨

大型构件试品振动试验是一项比较复杂的工程试验，它除了同通常振动试验一样进行准备外，由于它的体型大、质量大、重心高且多偏置、振型复杂等特点，还必须进行针对性的试验可行性、试验安全性及振动控制方法的论证和选择，才能使试验顺利进行且万无一失。本文通过作者实践中总结积累的经验，阐述论证的内容和选择的方法，希望起一个抛砖引玉的作用，以期引起试验同行的关注。     

平原建造垃圾填埋场的新构想

介绍了一种平原建造垃圾填埋场的新工艺 ,它分两步实施 :首先由抗侧应力环逐层叠加做成多个圆柱形垃圾仓 ,而后采用灰土袋护坡围合所有垃圾仓最终形成垃圾填埋场。该工艺的优越性具体表现在 :可杜绝垃圾渗滤液的外溢、高效率地收集填埋气、工程造价低以及土地利用率高