提高消防设施维护管理水平的措施及方法

针对如何进一步提高及完善消防设施或系统的维护管理水平,结合燕化公司机关区域内已着手开展的工作模式,从优化配置资源、规划日常工作、明确各项职责及开展相应活动等几方面展开论述,提供了一套总体性的经验与方法。收稿日期:2012-02-08     

Towards an integrated approach of disaster and environment management: A case study of Thua Thien Hue province,central Viet Nam

Disasters and environmental degradation create serious problems all around the world. They are inherently linked, but little attention is paid to their interaction, particularly at local levels. The degree of integration of disaster management and risk analysis with environmental management programs in relation to human vulnerability has been examined in Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Viet Nam. Unsustainable agricultural practices, and inappropriate development programs have contributed substantially to the increase of disaster risks. On the other hand, disasters damage natural resources and reduce environmental quality, indirectly contributing to increasing poverty which in turn, adds to the vulnerability of both natural and human systems, so further increasing disaster losses. Notwithstanding, in Viet Nam, there is a big gap between disaster and environment management policies and programs. In order to bridge the gap, an integrated approach in which environment-disaster linkage, rural—urban linkage, and poverty are brought into focus as core aspects of disaster management.     

Forks in the Road: Choices in Procedures for Designing Wildland Linkages

Abstract:  Models are commonly used to identify lands that will best maintain the ability of wildlife to move between wildland blocks through matrix lands after the remaining matrix has become incompatible with wildlife movement. We offer a roadmap of 16 choices and assumptions that arise in designing linkages to facilitate movement or gene flow of focal species between 2 or more predefined wildland blocks. We recommend designing linkages to serve multiple (rather than one) focal species likely to serve as a collective umbrella for all native species and ecological processes, explicitly acknowledging untested assumptions, and using uncertainty analysis to illustrate potential effects of model uncertainty. Such uncertainty is best displayed to stakeholders as maps of modeled linkages under different assumptions. We also recommend modeling corridor dwellers (species that require more than one generation to move their genes between wildland blocks) differently from passage species (for which an individual can move between wildland blocks within a few weeks). We identify a problem, which we call the subjective translation problem, that arises because the analyst must subjectively decide how to translate measurements of resource selection into resistance. This problem can be overcome by estimating resistance from observations of animal movement, genetic distances, or interpatch movements. There is room for substantial improvement in the procedures used to design linkages robust to climate change and in tools that allow stakeholders to compare an optimal linkage design to alternative designs that minimize costs or achieve other conservation goals.     

我国规划环评制度的进展、面临的挑战及对策建议

本文系统梳理了我国规划环境影响评价（以下简称环评）制度的进展，分析了规划环评制度有效性仍存在的不足及原因，提出了对“十四五”规划环评改革的建议：一是树立“规划科学是最大的效益”理念，进一步明确相关部门在规划环评中的责任和义务；二是通过修订《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》进一步明确规划环评成果落地途径，提高规划环评意见的法律约束力，使得规划环评意见能够纳入规划、并传导到经济社会建设中；三是要构建“三线一单”与规划环评的联动体系，夯实规划环评技术体系，进一步发挥规划环评的有效性。     

碳排放交易体系的政策灵活性:国际经验及启示

在《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的背景下,越来越多的国家开始关注全球气候变暖的问题。考虑到碳排放交易体系比碳税更具有政治可行性,不少国家或地区开始实施碳排放交易体系,以最低的减排成本来达到温室气体减排目标。然而,采用碳排放交易体系,其排放总量是固定的,而减排成本是不确定的,可能会出现由于政策或外部冲击而产生的配额价格异常波动的现象。因此,为确保碳排放交易体系的成本有效性,政策灵活性十分重要。在理想情况下,碳排放市场具有完全的时间灵活性(包括长期的履约期、自由的配额储存与预借)和空间灵活性(即建立全球碳市场),这将对增强市场流动性、降低减排成本、缓解价格波动起到重要的作用。然而,由于政策设计需要考虑更多因素,实际上理想状态很难达到。本文将对国外碳排放交易体系的政策灵活性设计进行较为系统的分析和比较,尤其关注履约期的长短、配额的跨期使用、配额的抵消、区域碳市场连接等方面的具体政策设计,这对我国在7个省市进行碳排放交易试点以及今后建立全国性的碳排放交易体系有较强的借鉴意义。     

大倾角煤层开采覆岩破断机制研究

为了探究大倾角煤层开采覆岩变形、失稳、破断的演化特征,结合潘二矿1212(3)工作面地质与工程条件,采用数值模拟、物理模拟、理论分析相结合的方法,分析了大倾角煤层开采覆岩变形破坏规律,探讨了巨厚砂岩直覆和无坚硬岩层2种条件下大倾角煤层开采顶板破断失稳形式。研究结果表明:受倾角影响直接顶冒落、滑移,充填下部采空区,基本顶中上部挠度最大而发生断裂,破断裂纹逐渐向基本顶两侧及相邻岩层演化;大倾角煤层倾向岩层间的联动时序性破断是形成非对称拱形承载结构的主因;预裂爆破巨厚砂岩顶板、充填开采软弱岩层工作面可促使关键块体组成的拱形承载结构形成,保证大倾角工作面安全回采。     

Prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis of the marfan syndrome using fluorescence pcr and an automated sequencer

The Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in fibrillin, an elastin-associated microfibrillar protein, are now known to cause MFS. Since the discovery of fibrillin as the gene responsible for MFS, requests for prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis have become common-place. Here we report the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using fluorescence labelled primers and an automated sequencer, to establish linkage data for “molecular diagnosis”. The mistaken clinical diagnosis of MFS based on the appearance of a common cardiovascular manifestation, mitral valve prolapse, and a positive family history is also discussed.     

长江三角洲空问运输联系与经济结构的时空演化特征分析

本文对长江三角洲1985-2000年各城市客、货运量进行了分析，总结出改革开放以来该区域空间运输联系的时空演化特征。长江三角洲客运量分布的廊道效应逐渐显著，货运量极化效应减弱。空间运输联系的时空演化反映了长江三角洲经济结构的推移特点。长江三角洲走廊经济突显，成为区域经济发展的有力带动轴；区域内浙东北经济崛起，成为与苏南地区相抗衡的经济板块；长江三角洲区域经济发展天平已出现向南倾斜的趋势。针对以上结论，本文认为长江三角洲地区应加快综台交通运输网络的建设，培育具有强大辐射效应的走廊经济，推动省、市之间协调合作与共同发展。     

上海与长江经济带经济联系研究

以上海为龙头的长江经济带，在国家“T”型开发战略中具有重要的地位和作用。基于中国城市统计年鉴2006年统计数据，从联系节点、联系通道和联系作用量3方面，定量分析上海与长江经济带的经济联系。结果表明：（1）长江经济带中心城市空间等级分布不均，呈现出“一极，多心组团”及沿铁路干线分布的空间格局；（2）上海与长江三角洲地区城市间的可达性明显优于中西部城市，而城市客货流则多集中在上海与重庆、成都、武汉、南京等二、三级中心城市之间；（3）经济联系随空间距离增加而衰减，与上海经济联系紧密的城市主要集中在沪宁-沪杭-杭甬铁路沿线，中西部地区城市与上海经济联系作用量很弱。有必要进一步加强上海与长江经济带经济联系，对此提出了几点优化策略。