电子垃圾重金属污染及防治对策研究

随着信息产业的飞速发展,电子产品更新换代加速,电子垃圾飞速增长,电子垃圾中的重金属对环境造成了越来越严重的污染.本文回顾了广东贵屿与浙江台州两大电子垃圾回收拆解区重金属污染的现状,分析了电子产品原材料、加工工艺和电子垃圾不当回收导致重金属污染的原因,提出了依靠政策法规引导、借鉴国外先进经验、进行电子垃圾回收处理产业化发展的相应防治对策,以期能改善电子垃圾导致的重金属污染.     

电子商务在环保产业的应用及前景

电子商务和环保产业是当今社会的两大热门话题，分析了两种新兴产业结合的可能性和电子商务在环保市场上的应用现状，同时也对其应用前景作了展望。     

废旧电子材料回收利用现状及发展展望

随着科学技术的进步，各类电子产品已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的组成部分，而其发展和普及的背后，我们将面临越来越多淘汰的废旧电子产品对环境带来的压力。与此同时，各类资源的短缺也需要从这些富含众多金属元素的废旧电子材料中找出解决办法。从废旧电子材料回收的紧迫性和必要性出发，分别介绍了目前国内外回收技术的现状及发展方向，并介绍了模型在回收技术发展和实际应用中可以起到的辅助作用。     

Polyvinyl chloride used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl is a recyclable material. It can be used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent. Two tests of chlorination and reduction of two different samples of jarosite and hematite were realized using PVC, results are presented in this paper. The chlorination test shows that the HCl gas produced from PVC and heated at ≈250°C can be used as a chlorine source to recover as chlorinated compounds the valuable metals such as Zn, Pb contained in jarosite. The XRD reveals the presence of lead and zinc chlorides in the condensates obtained. The second test of reduction was conducted using a mixture of PVC and hematite treated in a nitrogen atmosphere between 200 and 1000°C. The results show that at low temperature, PVC produces HCl and with kinetic consideration, no reactions can be observed with hematite. However, at high temperature, the weight of the hematite sample decreases by ≈15%, due to the reduction of hematite to iron metal.     

会计电算化对内部审计的影响

随着网络环境下会计电算化管理系统的应用，传统的审计模式、工作方法已不能满足新形式下内部审计的需要。本文在论述电算化会计系统的发展历程的基础上，阐述了会计电算化对内部审计所带来的制约和影响，提出了会计电算化环境下，内部审计工作的工作重点。     

Present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea

In Korea due to rapid economical growth followed by urbanisation, breakage of large traditional families into small nuclear families, continuous changes in equipment features and capabilities causes tremendous increase in sale of new electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and decrease in sale of used EEE. Subsequently, the ever-increasing quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a serious social problem and threat to the environment. Therefore, the gradual increase in the generation of WEEE intensifies the interest for recycling to conserve the resources and protect the environment. In view of the above, a review has been made related to the present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea. This paper describes the present status of generation and recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment, namely TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, personal computers and mobile phones in Korea. The commercial processes and the status of developing new technologies for the recycling of metallic values from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) is also described briefly. Since 1998, three recycling centers are in full operation to recycle WEEE such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners, having the total capacity of 880,000 units/year. All waste TVs are recently recycled on commission basis by several private recycling plants. The recycling of waste personal computers and mobile phones is insignificant in comparison with the amount of estimated obsolete those. Korea has adopted and enforced the extended producer responsibility (EPR) system. Korea is making consistent efforts to improve the recycling rate to the standards indicated in the EU directives for WEEE. Especially environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies are being developed to recycle metal values from PCBs of WEEE.     

Utility of biological sensor tags in animal conservation

Electronic tags (both biotelemetry and biologging platforms) have informed conservation and resource management policy and practice by providing vital information on the spatial ecology of animals and their environments. However, the extent of the contribution of biological sensors (within electronic tags) that measure an animal's state (e.g., heart rate, body temperature, and details of locomotion and energetics) is less clear. A literature review revealed that, despite a growing number of commercially available state sensor tags and enormous application potential for such devices in animal biology, there are relatively few examples of their application to conservation. Existing applications fell under 4 main themes: quantifying disturbance (e.g., ecotourism, vehicular and aircraft traffic), examining the effects of environmental change (e.g., climate change), understanding the consequences of habitat use and selection, and estimating energy expenditure. We also identified several other ways in which sensor tags could benefit conservation, such as determining the potential efficacy of management interventions. With increasing sensor diversity of commercially available platforms, less invasive attachment techniques, smaller device sizes, and more researchers embracing such technology, we suggest that biological sensor tags be considered a part of the necessary toolbox for conservation. This approach can measure (in real time) the state of free‐ranging animals and thus provide managers with objective, timely, relevant, and accurate data to inform policy and decision making.     

航天器内部充电评估软件的实现

在欧空局提供的FLUMIC模型的基础上,加入了地球同步轨道GOES卫星在2003--2009年大于2MeV的高能电子通量数据,验证改进了其在L=6．6Re处的理论公式;并利用FLUMIC模型在一般L值情形下的理论公式,设计编写了航天器内部充电评估软件。此软件能计算在一定的时间内,卫星在轨运行时可能遭受的粒子微分通量或积分通量值,以作为航天器高能辐射防护的设计依据。     

高温分解及烟气净化处理电子垃圾的技术和设备

提出高温分解及烟气净化处理废弃电子垃圾的技术。通过喷水系统调节分解炉内气氛,控制有机物分解速度,使有机物裂解成二氧化碳和水蒸气,有害成份经净化系统再次处理后达到环保排放标准。金属部分可进一步进行提炼回收,实现有机物和金属的绿色分离。     

电子商务安全的探讨

介绍电子商务的发展规模以及可能会遇到的安全问题,分析电子商务安全的基本技术加密算法。根据对称加密算法和非对称加密算法的安全特点进行组合,从而提出电子商务交易的一般安全控制结构图,针对各个环节的优缺点,提出有效解决安全问题的方案,同时重点突出了各种相关新技术的特点;电子商务交易的发展,互联网的普及,网络上交易及其信息的安全性已经对人们的经济活动及日常生活产生了重要的影响,为此,提出的电子商务安全方案最大限度地降低了人们的风险;进一步探讨和展望电子商务的前景:随着电子商务的发展,电子交易的手段也更加多样化,安全问题也会变得重要和突出;同时,电子商务又是一个复杂的系统工程,它的安全还要依赖许多社会问题的解决。