爆炸荷载作用下岩石的变形与破坏研究（I）

无论是矿山工程、隧道工程中钻孔爆破效率的提高、工程爆破领域爆破振动参数的预测，还是最近一系列高技术常规局部战争中粘地炸弹对地下坚固目标的破坏，在不考虑岩石中强爆炸引起的光子和电磁辐射等极端效应情况下，都亟待要求对岩石中爆炸引起的应力、变形及其它运动参数和破坏效应作出比较准确的评估。目前对此问题的研究尚只能达到大致的机理及景象的定性认识和描述，定量上的确定存在数量级的误差，尤其是爆炸和冲击的近区。误差更大。其原因在于岩石中爆炸产生的变形和破坏特征，不仅与作用时发生相应的物理及力学运动密切相关，而且强烈地受岩石自身构造缺陷水平及其变化的制约。本文概迷了爆炸作用下岩石的动力变形与破坏研究之现状。研究中考虑了岩石的构造特点及其对基本力学性状的影响，并简述了其研究的新趋向。     

PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR NITRATE LOAD IN THE BULL RUN WATERSHED,OREGON1

ABSTRACT: Predictive models for nitrate in four streams in the Bull Run Watershed in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon were developed from a record of 17 years of nitrate samples. The models are time series regression models written in terms of Log(nitrate load). The independent variables are logarithm of 14-day mean daily stream discharge, current day's precipitation, logarithm of the previous day's precipitation, total precipitation for the previous seven days, a hydrograph position variable that indicates rising or falling limb, and average maximum air temperature for the preceding 14 days. The models describe annual cycle and seasonable trends and variations in nitrate load, but are unable to describe large day to day variations like those associated with hydrograph peaks.     

中国煤矿工人体能负荷、疲劳与工伤事故

煤矿井下事故对矿工威胁很大，体力负荷过重而导致疲劳是引起事故不可忽视的原因。测定不同工种井下矿工的体能负荷情况，并根据ＦＩＸ疲劳指数的测定，分析矿工劳动负荷与工伤事故发生之间的关系。研究表明，在疲劳状态下事故发生的危险性增加；劳动负荷越重，疲劳越重相对的事故发生率也越高。减轻疲劳对预防事故发生与保证工作安全具有很重要的意义     

地铁火灾场景设计探讨

近年来，地铁火灾是火灾科学界研究的热点。火灾场景设计是开展地铁火灾研究的基础环节，它对地铁内的烟气运动和人员疏散有重要的影响。通过对国内外文献的调研发现，地铁火灾场景的设计并无统一明确的表述。在综合前人研究的基础上，对地铁火灾场景中需要确定的火灾荷载和起火点位置进行了初步探讨，并给出了分析结果。     

台风湍流积分尺度与脉动风速谱——基于实测数据的分析

基于4个台风过程中的长时间序列风速、风方向观测数据，分析研究了近地台风的湍流积分尺度和脉动风速谱等脉动特性。介绍了湍流积分尺度的几种常见的计算方法，基于实测台风数据，分析研究了台风过程中湍流积分尺度的变化以及不同计算方法的稳定性。根据实测数据计算了纵向脉动风速谱，并与Von-Karman谱、Davenport谱、Simiu谱和Harris谱等经验谱进行了比较，给出了最适合描述台风纵向脉动风速谱的经验谱。还计算了横向脉动风速功率谱，并与基于各向同性湍流理论推导出的水平横向脉动风速谱进行了对比。     

Applying metabolic fingerprinting to ecology: The use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid screening of plant responses to N deposition

The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution.     

烟气脱硫喷淋塔的容积负荷与本体设计

提出了以喷淋塔的容积负荷——平均容积吸收率为控制指标的本体设计路线。在目前已有的设计、运行经验基础上，根据烟气的SO2进口浓度、要求的吸收效率等来确定喷淋塔容积。讨论了容积吸收率不同角度的定义，给出了采用容积吸收率进行喷淋塔本体设计的步骤。     

ENHANCING FECAL COLIFORM TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD MODELS THROUGH BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING1

ABSTRACT: Surface water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water quality issue of national scope and importance. In Virginia, more than 400 stream and river segments are on the Commonwealth's 2002 303(d) list because of fecal coliform impairment. Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will be developed for most of these listed streams and rivers. Information regarding the major fecal coliform sources that impair surface water quality would enhance the development of effective watershed models and improve TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking (BST) is a recently developed technology for identifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria and it may be helpful in generating improved TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking was performed, watershed models were developed, and TMDLs were prepared for three streams (Accotink Creek, Christians Creek, and Blacks Run) on Virginia's 303(d) list of impaired waters. Quality assurance of the BST work suggests that these data adequately describe the bacteria sources that are impairing these streams. Initial comparison of simulated bacterial sources with the observed BST data indicated that the fecal coliform sources were represented inaccurately in the initial model simulation. Revised model simulations (based on BST data) appeared to provide a better representation of the sources of fecal coliform bacteria in these three streams. The coupled approach of incorporating BST data into the fecal coliform transport model appears to reduce model uncertainty and should result in an improved TMDL.     

生物滴滤塔处理氯苯废气的工艺性能

将活性污泥培养及驯化后接种于生物滴滤塔中，挂膜启动后处理模拟氯苯废气（简称氯苯废气），考察了生物滴滤塔在挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段的性能。实验结果表明：接种41 d后生物滴滤塔成功挂膜，此时氯苯去除率稳定在90%以上；生物滴滤塔稳定运行阶段，随着进气中氯苯质量浓度由303.82 mg/m³逐渐增至1 489.05 mg/m³，氯苯去除率从85.1%降至70.1%。处理氯苯废气适宜的工艺条件为：空塔停留时间超过45 s，喷淋液流量31.8 mL/min，氯苯负荷23.97~128.01 g/（m³·h）。生物滴滤塔对喷淋液的酸性环境有较好的适应性，喷淋液pH的变化对氯苯去除率无显著影响。     

地铁站附属地下餐饮空间噪声特征分析

利用专业噪声测量设备及噪声频谱分析设备,对地铁站附属地下餐饮空间区域噪声进行监测,绘制噪声小时频谱。经分析发现地铁附属地下餐饮空间声环境会受到客流、空间位置及餐铺建筑结构影响,因此在该类空间进行降噪设计中应充分考虑这些因素的影响。