强还原处理和生物炭对设施蔬菜土壤DOM数量和光谱特征的影响

土壤强还原处理（Reductive Soil Disinfestation,RSD）可以有效地修复设施蔬菜土壤的连作障碍,但实施过程中亦会引起可溶性有机质（Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM）数量和质量的变化.本研究通过培养实验,设置未修复对照（CK）、RSD修复（RSD）、生物炭修复（BC）及RSD与生物炭联合修复（RSD+BC）4个处理,对比研究不同修复处理对土壤DOM含量和光谱特征的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,RSD、BC和RSD+BC修复后土壤的DOC含量分别增加了142.9%、24.6%和127.0%;相较于RSD处理,RSD+BC处理的DOC含量显著降低（p<0.05）.土壤DOM组分以类富里酸和类腐殖酸物质为主,RSD处理增加了类腐殖酸组分,而RSD+BC处理更有利于类富里酸物质的增加.RSD、BC及二者联合修复显著增强了土壤DOM的芳香化和腐殖化程度.结构方程模型分析表明,土壤pH对DOC含量和腐殖化指数（HIX_em）产生直接正效应,土壤氧化还原电位（E_h）对DOC含量具有直接负效应,pH亦可通过影响DOC含量间接影响微生物量碳（MBC）和荧光指数（FI）.     

大跨桥梁结构损伤预警的基本原理与方法

以润扬长江公路大桥为例,系统阐述了以小波包能量谱为基础的结构损伤预警方法的理论基础和本质特征。研究了以小波包分析为基础的结构动力系统的多尺度分解原理,推导了不同分析尺度上振动结构的状态方程和观测方程,并分析了结构系统矩阵和观测噪声的小波包分解特性,从理论上证明了基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警的敏感性和噪声鲁棒性。指出大跨桥梁结构损伤预警的有效性须考虑结构损伤和观测噪声的共同影响,并根据噪声能量的小波包分解特性提出了大跨桥梁结构损伤预警参数的计算方法。     

山西运城雷暴气候特征

用1971-2000年雷暴资料分析了运城市雷暴的时空分布特征；应用奇异谱分析、最大熵谱方法对运城建站较早的8个测站年平均雷暴日数时间序列进行了诊断分析。结果表明：运城年雷暴日数具有显著的长期趋势变化特征，还有3．6a和2．8a的显著振荡周期。还对年雷暴日数进行了预测。     

Ecological modeling for water quality management of Kwangyang Bay, Korea

This study estimated the appropriate pollutant load reduction from point sources in Kwangyang Bay, Korea, using an eco-hydrodynamic model. The total chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) loads from rivers and ditches that provide input to the bay were approximately 2.8x10(4), 2.5x10(4), and 5.9x10(2) kg day-1, respectively. Wastewater discharge from industrial complexes was the greatest contributor to pollutant loads in the inner part of the bay. COD values in the inner part of the bay were greater than 3.0 mg l-1, and exceeded Korean seawater quality grade III limits. A residual current was simulated, using a hydrodynamic model, to have a slightly complicated pattern in the inner part of the bay, ranging from 0.001 to 8 cm s-1. In the outer part of the bay, the simulated current flowed out to the South Sea with a southward flow at a maximum of 15 cm s-1. The results of the ecological model simulation of COD levels showed high concentrations, exceeding 4 mg l-1, in the southwest of the Myodo, an area of wastewater discharge, and lower levels, approaching less than 1 mg l-1, closer to the outer part of the bay. Engineering countermeasures to reduce the organic and inorganic material loads from point sources by more than 45% were required to keep the COD levels below 2 mg l-1.     

POINT‐NONPOINT SOURCE WATER QUALITY TRADING: A CASE STUDY IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Contrary to the general trend of only a few actual trades occurring within point‐nonpoint source water quality trading programs in the United States, two trading projects in the Minnesota River Basin, created under the provisions of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, have generated five major trades and numerous smaller ones. In this paper, these two projects are described to illustrate their origins, implementation, and results. It was found that several factors contributed to the relatively high number of trades in these projects, including the offsetting nature of the projects (hence a fixed number of credits that the point sources were required to obtain), readily available information on potential nonpoint source trading partners, and an effectively internal trading scheme used by one of the two projects. It was also found that long term structural pollution control measures, such as streambank stabilization, offered substantial cost savings over point source controls. Estimates of transaction costs showed that the total costs of the trading projects were increased by at least 35 percent after transaction costs were taken into account. Evidence also showed that in addition to pollution reduction, these two trading projects brought other benefits to the watershed, such as helping balance environmental protection and regional economic growth.     

Needs of communications with general public about the potential risk of electromagnetic fields and methods for achieving this goal

In the recent years concerns whether exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) from base station antennae can cause adverse health effects are grown. Great attention is paid on risk of EMF exposure to people living in a close proximity of base stations. In this issue, a point of interest is the personnel mounting, adjusting and maintaining base stations. Their working tasks require stay in high EMF levels’ conditions. There are only few studies concerning this specific occupational group. The results from our previous investigation (Zaryabova and Israel 2006) show that in␣many cases on performing some specific tasks operators are overexposed according to our national legislation, and ICNIRP guidelines. Here, we present an extended study covering more base stations and more precise scenario for performed tasks and working positions. Results of exposure assessment are presented. They include energetic load calculations on the basis of Bulgarian national legislation, and the corresponding SAR values. Data are used to determine permissible time duration for each particular work operation and served as a base for limiting the exposure and proposal for protective measures for the personnel.     

冲击响应谱时域合成算法研究

为利用电动振动台进行模拟冲击环境试验给出了一种时域冲击波形合成方法.依据冲击响应谱时域合成的一般原则,选择合成小波中的正弦窗波作为基本波形,给出了确定各基本波形的波形参数的方法.计算结果表明本文所提算法是有效的,所合成的时域冲击波形能够满足参考冲击响应谱的精度要求,为开发冲击谱试验的控制软件研究者提供了一种思路.     

基于反应谱法的多点激励下桥梁结构抗震可靠性分析

基于随机振动理论,利用多点非一致地震力激励理论方法,分析了大跨度桥梁结构的抗震可靠度反应谱计算方法,并且给出结构峰值反应的均值、标准差计算公式,克服了既有设计方法不能给出标准差而无法直接进行可靠性分析的缺点,并利用简化后的复杂参数分析方法,在保证数据准确性的同时提高了计算效率。最后,以一刚构桥为例,对多点激励下桥梁结构抗震可靠度反应谱法加以计算,并与一致激励下的结果相比较,从而说明本文方法的可靠性。     

高压架空线引发的电磁污染及其对人体健康的危害

定性分析了高压架空线"多频谱电磁污染"产生的原因,定量计算了高压架空线周围多频谱电磁场的分布,讨论了多频谱电磁污染对人体健康产生的危害,最后提出了"电磁屏蔽"、"绿色"涂料等可行的防护措施.     

神华铁路TPDS与TADS项目建设安全规划探讨

货车运行状态（走行稳定性、装载状态、车轮踏面状态、滚动轴承状态）直接关系到行车安全，本文介绍了货车运行状态地面安全监测系统（TPDS）、货车滚动轴承故障早期监测系统（TADS）的国内外现状与发展趋势，讨论了TPDS和TADS检测与诊断技术和应用，结合神华集团铁路实际情况，从先进、成熟、经济、实用、可靠的角度论证了神华集团TPDS和TADS建设的可行性和建设方案，分析了项目实施的社会效益，给出了结论和建议。