MAX-Ⅱ气体代谢分析仪测试参数及其意义的分析

MAX-Ⅱ气体代谢分析系统是目前在体育科研、康复和教育机构广泛使用的对人体心肺功能进行监测评价的实验仪器。该分析系统组成复杂,可测试参数较多,具有较为强大的功能。为了充分开发该设备的使用价值,对其测试参数及重要参数的意义进行了总结和分析,期待发挥其在实践中的重要作用。     

基于模糊-理想点法的海下采场顶板稳定性分析

为准确评价复杂地质条件下海下采场顶板的稳定性,提出将模糊数学中的隶属度与理想点法相结合的模型。针对海下采场的特殊地质条件,综合考虑水文地质因素、工程地质因素、采场结构因素以及其他因素4个方面,选取9个评价指标。通过对指标进行隶属度化处理,由变异系数法确定指标权重,建立顶板分级模型。最后,根据三山岛金矿5个采场现场调查以及室内试验获得的指标数据,应用该模型对顶板稳定级别进行评判。结果表明,该模型的评判等级结果与工程实际相符,从而验证模型可用于海下采场顶板的稳定性分析。     

Fisher法在土壤污染综合评价优化布点中的应用

根据Fisher最优分割的理论,研究其应用于土壤环境监测优化布点的可行性。以福建省闽江河口湿地土壤重金属污染综合评价为实例,用Fisher法计算不同分类方式下的最小误差函数,确定最优的分割方法,确定优化布点方案。结果表明,原布设的8个监测点用Fisher法优化为3个典型点位,可客观反映闽江河口湿地土壤重金属污染的综合评价结果。     

Exploring Persistence in Streamflow Forecasting

In this study, the authors explore three persistence approaches in streamflow forecasting motivated by the need for forecasting model skill evaluation. The authors use streamflow observations with 15 min resolution from the year 2008 to 2017 at 140 United States Geological Survey streamflow gauges monitoring the streams and rivers over the State of Iowa. The spatial scale of the basins ranges from about 7 to 37,000 km². The study explores three approaches: simple persistence, gradient persistence, and anomaly persistence. The study shows that persistence forecasts skill has strong dependence on basin scales and weaker but non‐negligible dependence on geometric properties of the river network for a given basin. Among the three approaches explored, anomaly persistence shows highest skill especially for small basins, under about 500 km². The anomaly persistence can serve as a benchmark for model evaluations considering the effect of basin scales and geometric properties of river network of the basin. This study further reiterates that persistence forecasts are hard‐to‐beat methods for larger basin scales at short to medium forecast range.     

杭州城区大气颗粒物污染特征及PM2.5潜在源区研究

基于2015年9月1日至2016年8月25日杭州城区观测点PM₁、PM_2.5、PM₁₀小时浓度数据进行分析，利用HYSPLIT模型、潜在源贡献因子（PSCF）方法和浓度权重轨迹（CWT）方法，探讨了杭州城区PM₁、PM_2.5、PM₁₀时间分布特征和PM_2.5潜在来源。结果表明：研究期间PM₁季节平均浓度表现为冬季 > 秋季、春季 > 夏季，PM_1~2.5、PM_2.5~10浓度则表现为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季；PM₁浓度日变化呈现明显的双峰现象，而PM_1~2.5和PM_2.5~10在同一时段均无明显浓度峰值；杭州城区PM_2.5受外源输送污染具有明显的季节性变化特征，夏季、秋季杭州城区PM_2.5的潜在源区主要是浙江北部、安徽东南部等，春季PM_2.5的潜在源区主要是浙江中部、江苏南部等，冬季PM_2.5的潜在源区主要是山东南部、江苏西南部、浙江北部、安徽南部、江西中部等地区。     

非金属材料自然环境贮存特性数据库设计

针对型号单位长期利用专业环境试验机构各典型环境试验站开展自然环境试验,数据量大,数据类型多,数据分散,不能被设计师系统利用的实际情况,由五九所与北京电子工程技术研究所共同开发了非金属材料自然环境贮存特性数据库。数据库采用J2ee的技术架构进行开发,实现了对非金属材料自然环境贮存特性数据的有效管理、网络共享,为数据资源的系统积累和深层次利用奠定了基础。     

Impact of incorporating customer preference in sustainable remanufacturing of commercial returns

This paper investigates optimum production parameters for a reverse supply chain for manufacturing of primary products and remanufacturing of commercial returns (products returned by customers for refund or exchange). The market for the product consists of two categories, the primary and remanufactured products. The demands for these markets are independent and considered to be random variables following a normal distribution function. The approach presented in this work differs from many previously published works because the acceptability of products varies among customers. The interaction between the designed quality and variable customers’ preferences determines the likelihood of a product being returned. Two major decision variables targeted in this study are the production cycle time and the targeted quality for production of parts used in the product. Through an analytical formulation and numerical examples, a relationship between the total profit of the system and the two decision variables is developed and optimised. The analysis demonstrates that the total profit of the hybrid system could be increased significantly by targeting the optimum targeted (not necessarily the highest) values for quality of parts and the optimum cycle length. And this objective could be accomplished with significant gain with respect to sustainability and waste reduction.     

The effect of artificial smoke compound on physiological responses,cognitive functions and work performance during firefighting activities in a smoke-diving room: an intervention study

This study investigated the combined effect of firefighting operations and exposure to smoke on physiological responses, cognitive functions and physical performance among firefighters. Each firefighter was engaged in two experimental conditions: (a) without artificial smoke, control (NS); (b) with artificial smoke (WS). The results of data analysis revealed that heart rate and body temperature increased significantly after the firefighting activities in the two conditions relative to baseline. In addition, reaction time (RT) and correct response (CR) decreased after the activity relative to baseline and there was a significant difference in RT and CR between the NS and WS conditions. There was also a significant difference in performance time between the NS and WS conditions. These findings demonstrated that a smoke compound has an insignificant effect on physiological responses during firefighting activity. On the contrary, the smoke compound has a detrimental influence on cognitive and physical performance.     

飞机流宏观与微观同高度纵向间隔研究

航空安全一直以来备受社会各界关注,其中安全间隔对于航路运行有非常重要的意义。为了合理分配航路间隔,减少航路拥堵,基于实际运行情况,将连续的飞机流作为研究目标,从宏观和微观角度建立了纵向间隔的计算模型,根据飞机流的跟驰效应,得出航路运行间隔的动态变化范围。在此基础上,提出了快速地对航空器进行间隔调整的方案。最后,以西安管制区的运行数据为例进行仿真,验证了模型的合理性,并分析了各因素对飞行流间隔的影响,调整方案可以较快地完成航路间隔的重新分配,为运行提供更准确的引导。     

微塑料污染的水生生态毒性与载体作用

近年来微塑料的水生生态环境污染与生态毒害问题引起了科学界的广泛关注。在总结国内外相关研究的基础上，本文对水生态环境中微塑料的来源、形成与分布展开分析；对微塑料污染的生态毒性研究进展给予评述；并深入探讨了微塑料在生态系统中扮演的多重载体角色。鉴于微塑料污染的严峻现实，我国应尽快开展有关微塑料环境污染和生态毒理方面的系统研究，并辅以政策引导和经济支持。