苏打盐碱土地区水田水盐运移模拟与预测研究

井灌种稻虽然是近年来松嫩平原西部土地苏打盐碱化治理的有效途径,但苏打盐碱地种稻改良对土壤盐分状况的长期影响,却缺乏定量化评价。作者选择该区代表性地点,通过田间观测与建立模型相结合的方法,对现有种植条件下的水田盐分动态变化进行了模拟和检验。研究发现,经过一定开垦年限土壤剖面平均含盐量下降到1.5g·kg-1左右后,在降水量正常的条件下,土壤盐分已基本达到平衡,不再随着开垦年限增加而进一步下降。相反,如遇干旱年份土壤盐分还会略有增加。需要进一步采取增加排水次数、改善土壤通透性等其它技术措施,才能使苏打盐碱地种稻改良达到更加理想的效果。     

The use of the tergal gland defensive secretion in male intrasexual aggression of the rove beetle,Aleochara curtula (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), measured by closed-loop-stripping-analyses and tandem bioassay — mass fragmentography

Summary 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone as a target compound of the tergal gland secretion of the rove beetle,Aleochara curtula, was quantified from the reservoirs of individual beetles. Males store less secretion than females, and they evaporate more of the secretion as measured by adsorption from the air (closed-loop-stripping-analysis). The amount of emitted quinone is increased during aggressive interactions of rival males. The pulsed emission of the secretion during aggression is demonstrated by a novel technique combining observation of behavior with the on-line measurement of target fragment ions by mass-spectrometry (tandem bioassay — mass fragmentography). The emission of the secretion is used as a weapon in combats between males and may result in the repulsion of subordinate males from the mating site, but may also serve to mimic females chemically in order to avoid aggressive encounters.     

Gap-Crossing Decisions by the Red Squirrel, a Forest-Dependent Small Mammal

Abstract:  Forest-associated species in fragmented landscapes must traverse potentially inhospitable gaps to move between habitat patches. Although conservation biologists advocate connecting patches with corridors or improving the matrix to make it suitable for movement, little is known about the factors influencing gap-crossing decisions for most species. We investigated gap crossing by the red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) in logged landscapes in southeastern Alaska, where the species avoids microhabitats associated with gaps created by clearcutting. We released individuals across clearcuts and determined the routes they took home with tracking spools and radio telemetry. Of 36 adult red squirrels translocated across six clearcuts, 14 crossed clearcuts to reach home. Squirrels were more likely to cross clearcuts if the detour efficiency (distance to home crossing gap divided by distance of forested detour) was low, indicating an ability to compare distances along alternate routes and travel costs or risks in different habitats. No other landscape metrics, such as gap size or crossing distance, predicted crossing behavior. Red squirrels of low body mass were more likely to cross clearcuts, where the probability of encountering conspecifics is low. Distance predicted route choice for squirrels detouring around clearcuts. Indirect evidence suggests that perceived predation risk, energetic costs, or both are higher in clearcuts. Detour efficiency reportedly influences the gap-crossing decisions of some forest-associated birds, but this is the first demonstration of its role in gap-crossing decisions by a mammal.     

Concentration Evolution of Gas Species within a Collapsing Bubble in a Liquid Medium

In this study numerical methods are used to investigate the relationship between chemical concentration of gas species within a cavitating bubble, equilibrium radius of the gas bubble and pressure variations in the ambient liquid. For this purpose, governing equations are developed to describe the dynamic equilibrium of a bubble in a flowing fluid and mass transfer between gas and liquid phases, where it was assumed that gases undergo isothermal compression, obey the ideal gas law, Henry law. It is further assumed that the concentration of each phase within the bubble is uniform. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved using implicit Trapezoidal method with Newton iteration. Four gas species are modeled under various initial and ambient pressure variation conditions. These conditions maybe considered to represent typical cavitation events. The numerical results obtained are presented in terms of dimensionless numbers. These results indicate that chemical damage maybe an important component of cavitation surface damage, since high concentration profiles may develop within a collapsing bubble. Proposed formulation and numerical solutions are simple and cost effective to implement. The results presented in this study maybe used to benchmark experimental investigations or other more complex solutions, which are outside the scope of this study.     

水稻总DNA的快速制备

采用两种不同的简单方法,均不接触有毒的有机试剂,且不需液氮速冻研磨,快速地制备水稻总DNA,用于SSR、STS等检测,效果稳定可靠.其中TritonX-100法提取的DNA具有很好的完整性,可用于后续其他分子生物学操作;NaOH法提取的DNA虽然降解严重,但是及时用于PCR及相关分析同样可行.两种方法均可在短时间内处理大批量的样品,操作简单,效果可靠,适于对杂种后代进行遗传连锁分析和分子标记辅助选育时的单株检测.图2表1参8     

冲天炉烟气除尘

采用湿法除尘,在烟气管道内设置喷嘴,使烟气充分加湿和降温后再进入立式文丘里,旋流析除尘器,消除了ＣＯ爆炸危险,在冲天炉上部烟囟顶端设安全２盖板,以保证生产的正常进行;烟气经湿式除尘后达到排放标准。     

VERIFICATION OF THE RHEA-OROGRAPHIC-PRECIPITATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Observed April 1 snowpack accumulations within and near the Gunnison River basin in southwestern Colorado are compared with simulations from the Rhea-orographic-precipitation model to determine if the model simulates reliable magnitudes and temporal and spatial variability in winter precipitation for the basin. Twenty simulations of the Rhea model were performed using‘optimal’parameter sets determined for 10-kilometer (km) grids (10-km by 10-km grid cells) through stochastic calibration. Comparisons of Rhea-model simulations of winter precipitation with April 1 snowpack accumulations at 32 snowcourse stations were performed for the years 1972–1990. For most stations and most years the Rhea model reliably simulates the temporal and spatial variability in April 1 snowpack accumulations. However, in general, the Rhea-model underestimates April 1 snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin area, and the underestimation is greatest for locations that receive the largest amount of snow. A significant portion of the error in Rhea-model simulations is due to the calibration of the Rhea model using gauge-catch precipitation measurements which can be as much as 50 percent below actual snowfall accumulations. Additional error in the Rhea-model simulations is a result of the comparison of gridded precipitation values to observed values measured at points.     

汽车尾气催化转化器模型研究进展

本文主要介绍汽车尾气催化转化器模型的研究进展 ,包括反应器内气体流动特性、单通道反应器内的传递现象和反应动力学、通道间的热传递和反应行为的模拟 ;并指出认识反应器内的各种特性和规律对设计汽车尾气催化转化器的必要性和意义     

气质联用分析加硫酸化污泥中的有机酸

分别采用两种前处理方法分离富集加硫酸化污泥中的有机酸.方法一,利用阴离子交换树脂分离富集有机酸,在不洗脱的情况下直接和乙醇进行酯化反应,然后进行气质联用分析;方法二,利用活性炭纤维吸附型固相微萃取(ACF-SPME)的方法,顶空萃取分离后进行气质联用分析.两种方法的分析结果都未检测到酸化污泥中存在短链的有机酸,只检测到个别长链的和带苯环结构的有机酸.     

Impact of cadmium and nickel on ion homeostasis in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Abstract

Toxicity of heavy metals to living organisms is a worldwide research topic. Although, much has been discovered about cadmium and nickel impact on biological systems, a lot still remains unclear. We used inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy to address the question of the effect of two different heavy metals nickel, and cadmium on intracellular ion balance. Increase or decrease of the content of several essential cations including Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was determined. Our results revealed that the cell exposure to high nickel and cadmium concentrations led to significant elevation of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ levels in the yeast cell, while the content of K⁺ decreased. Correlation analyses showing in the presence of nickel and cadmium strong positive correlation among each tested element (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe³⁺) except for K⁺, demonstrate the significant impact of heavy metal treatment to ion homeostasis of the cell. Our data indicate that acute nickel and cadmium contamination leads to substantial ionome misbalance in yeast.