The Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Zn Deposition Around a Metal Smelter in Latvia

Heavy metal concentrations in Hylocomium splendens collected around a metal smelter in Latvia showed very high concentrations of Zn (>200 g/g), and elevated concentrations of Pb (38.3 g/g) and Cu (18.3 g/g). In an attempt to better evaluate the potential toxicity of the high Zn concentrations, a serial elution method was used to determine the concentrations of zinc in intercellular, extracellular exchangeable cell wall, intracellular, and particle fractions. The intercellular Zn concentrations represent the water soluble component of the total concentrations, and were low with no clear trends. Zn concentrations in the extra- and intracellular and particle fractions decreased exponentially from the pollutant source. Intracellular Zn concentrations in moss close to the emission source are within the range considered to be potentially toxic, from other single element exposure studies. The proportion of Zn in the relatively insoluble particle fraction, which is least associated with environmental risk, was greater closer to the pollution source, reaching > 30% in the oldest Hylocomium splendens segments.     

Modeling rhizofiltration: heavy-metal uptake by plant roots

The discovery of phytoaccumulation potential of plant species has led to its application for remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil and wastewater, which is termed as phytoextraction/rhizofiltration. For prediction, analysis, planning and cost-effective design of such systems, mathematical models not only are used as a screening tool but also provide optimal parameters like harvesting time, irrigation schedule, etc. Several laboratory and field scale studies have been carried out in the past, and mathematical expressions have been developed by various researchers for different phenomena like metal adsorption in soil, plant root growth with time, moisture and metal uptake by plant root, moisture movement in unsaturated zone, soil moisture relationship, etc. The complete design of any such phytoremediation program would require the knowledge of behavior of heavy-metal movement in soil, water and plant root system. In this paper, a model for simulating heavy-metal dynamics in soil, water and plant root system is developed and discussed. The governing non-linear partial differential equation is solved numerically by implicit finite difference method using Picard's iterative technique, and the formulation has been illustrated using a characteristic example. The source code is written in MATLAB.     

The Impact of Landsat Satellite Monitoring on Conservation Biology

Landsat 7s recent malfunctioning will result in significant gaps in long-term satellite monitoring of Earth, affecting not only the research of the Earth science community but also conservation users of these data. To determine whether or how important Landsat monitoring is for conservation and natural resource management, we reviewed the Landsat programs history with special emphasis on the development of user groups. We also conducted a bibliographic search to determine the extent to which conservation research has been based on Landsat data. Conservation biologists were not an early user group of Landsat data because a) biologists lacked technical capacity – computers and software – to analyze these data; b) Landsats 1980s commercialization rendered images too costly for biologists budgets; and c) the broad-scale disciplines of conservation biology and landscape ecology did not develop until the mid-to-late 1980s. All these conditions had changed by the 1990s and Landsat imagery became an important tool for conservation biology. Satellite monitoring and Landsat continuity are mandated by the Land Remote Sensing Act of 1992. This legislation leaves open commercial options. However, past experiments with commercial operations were neither viable nor economical, and severely reduced the quality of monitoring, archiving and data access for academia and the public. Future satellite monitoring programs are essential for conservation and natural resource management, must provide continuity with Landsat, and should be government operated.     

苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属污染调查与评价

对苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属的污染物状况及分布特征进行了调查,分别在镇江、宜兴和常州采集了农村居民生活区、农田附近和养殖厂周围13个底泥样品,对底泥中的5种重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr质量比进行了分析研究,并利用Hakason生态风险指数法评价了底泥中5种重金属对其所在水域的污染程度,对水域和周围环境造成的潜在风险影响.结果表明,苏南地区部分农村河塘底泥已受到轻度的重金属污染,部分采样点Cd、Cu和Zn已达到中度污染;不同类型底泥的重金属的污染程度趋势为:居民生活区＞养殖厂周围＞农田附近.     

钻井废泥浆中重金属化学形态及潜在生态效应评价

利用化学萃取法对江苏9个油田的不同类型钻井废泥浆的重金属化学形态分布特征进行调查分析,同时选用Hakanson的潜在生态危害指数法对钻井废泥浆中的重金属总量进行生态效应评价。结果表明,钻井废泥浆中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr主要以残渣态和有机结合态为主,活性形态含量较低;采用Hakanson的潜在生态危害指数进行评价,发现Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd都属于轻微生态危害水平,而Cr多属于中等水平,产生潜在生态危害的重金属主要为Cr。     

珍贵油料植物诸葛菜的研究

四川大学植物遗传研究室经过几年的调查研究,发现诸葛菜的农艺性状较好,分枝多、角果多,每果子粒多,千粒重较重,含油量较高,特别是油分品质优异,其营养价值高的脂肪酸如油酸和亚油酸的含量较高,分别为20.32％,和53.17％,其营养价值低的脂肪酸如亚麻酸和芥酸的含量较低,分别为4.76％和0.94％,是油菜优质育种的优异新种源,可以作为油菜远缘杂交育种亲本,并可能选育出优质油料新作物。本文对诸葛菜的开花授粉习性作了观察,对核型特点作了分析,可供育种工作的参考,诸葛菜主产中国。四川大学在国内外首先推荐这种有希望的油料新种源。     

Heavy metals in water bodies purified by suspended substrate of rivers

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｗａｔｅｒｂｏｄｉｅｓａｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｔｈａｔｃａｎｂｅｍｉｃｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｌｙｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｏｒｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄ .Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｐｕｒｉｆｉｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｉｒａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｏｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｓｉｎｒｉｖｅｒｓ.Ａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｏｎｒｉｖｅｒｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｕｂ…     

钢铁企业富余煤气制甲醇与二甲醚的研究

利用钢铁联合企业的富余煤气,制甲醇与二甲醚.提出合理可行的工艺方案,进行主要物料消耗计算和成本估算,得出在工艺上和经济上可行的结论.项目的实施,能实现钢铁联合企业资源综合利用,提高企业的经济效益,同时对实现能源的多样化、发展新型清洁能源、改善生态环境都具有重要意义,其经济效益和社会效益显著.     

Emergy evaluation of the environment and economy of Hong Kong

ＥｍｅｒｇｙｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＬａｎＳｈｅｎｇｆａｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏ...     

河西走廊灌溉农业发展的水资源承载能力分析

论文采用模糊综合评判方法,对河西走廊灌溉农业发展的水资源承载能力进行了分析,建立了评价的数学模型。研究表明,该区水资源开发利用已近于其饱和容量,发展节水灌溉,充分提高水的利用效率,是保障和发展干旱区农业的根本出路。