化工园区综合风险评价中的公众参与研究

为确保公众与化工园区之间的和谐相处,分析化工园区综合风险评价中公众参与的现状,提出公众参与实施中所应遵循的原则、方法和形式,采用社会问卷调查的形式,验证了这一工作的必要性。阐述化工园区综合风险评价中公众参与应分为三个阶段,即早期公众参与、中期公众参与及持续公众参与,针对不同时期的具体情况,指出基本的工作程序。在公众参与调查中建立评价因素集的体系框架,并采用熵权法分析评价各因素的权重,结合公众＂幅值＂评分,综合得出公众对于化工园区建设、规划、准入项目及正常生产时带来影响的意见和建议的倾向性。首次提出在化工园区综合风险评价中增加公众参与这一内容,有利于增加政府机构办事的透明度,同时也确保公众的利益得到足够的重视。     

综合应急救援能力描述理论架构及提升内容研究

基于代数这一数学工具,该文创新建立综合应急救援能力描述理论架构,包括面向自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生、社会安全等灾种建立的救援灾害轴,面向村、社区、街道(镇)、区(县、市)、市、省等区域建立的救援区域轴,面向准备、响应、处置、保障、善后等时间建立的救援时间轴,由此构成综合应急救援能力描述三维坐标系;在此基础上,抽象出应急救援能力途径通用表达式模型。研究出综合应急救援能力提升内容,包括综合应急救援能力提升内容的通用表达式,以及应急救援能力提升内容的通用表格;基于这些研究成果,就可根据实际的救援灾害轴、救援区域轴、救援时间轴等实际情况,得出具体的综合应急救援能力提升内容。     

Policy implementation of catchment-scale flood risk management: Learning from Scotland and England

Recent years have seen a gradual adoption of a “catchment-scale” approach to flood risk management into European policy-making which, amongst other objectives, promotes rural land use change to reduce flood risk. While some exploratory studies of land managers’ attitudes exist, research is lacking on how public policies can be mobilised locally to implement these ideas. Two local initiatives were analysed in the transboundary River Tweed basin in Scotland and England during which public authorities negotiated with land managers. A combination of documents (N = 21) and interviews (N = 63) forms the basis of the data analysed. The results showed that implementation is highly dependent on the local policy framework, the activities of implementers, and land managers’ responses to (combination of) policy instruments. Several factors were identified influencing implementation such as devolution arrangements (i.e. from national to regional/local), the level of local interest on flood risk, local attitudes to compromise and collaboration, available policy instruments, and the existence of participatory catchment organisations. With limited scope for stand-alone regulatory action or funding in the short term, synergies and measures promoting co-benefits in flood risk management should be further sought in the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans, as well as in cross-compliance and the new agri-environment-climate strategies of the common agricultural policy.     

The governance of ecosystem services in river basins: An approach for structured data representation and analysis

River basins provide a wide range of ecosystem services important for human well-being. Ecosystem functions and their value to humans have been thoroughly studied. However, the role of governance characteristics for the sustainable management of ecosystem services has been largely ignored up to now. To close this gap, this article introduces the latest modifications to a database building on the Management and Transition Framework (MTF) that serve to study the relationship between water governance and management systems and their performance with regard to impacts on ecosystem services. This comprehensive approach facilitates structured data collection and representation in order to analyze single case studies or compare case studies regarding the governance and management of water resources and associated ecosystem services. It allows the user to investigate whether certain water governance characteristics, such as stakeholder involvement or vertical integration of governance levels, are associated with a change in the management of ecosystem services or a measurable change in their state. A simplified case from South Africa shows how the database modifications allow addressing links between governance and management processes on the one side and ecosystem services and the way they are handled on the other side. Applying the MTF database leads to evidence-based insights into best practices as well as failed management approaches and interventions. This in turn provides knowledge that can be transferred from science to practice supporting sustainable governance of ecosystem services.     

Coupling hydrologic and economic modeling for wetland management multi-optimization in Tram Chim National Park,Vietnam

We developed a comprehensive coupling framework with a multi-objective optimization that bridges a water balance model (WBM) and a wetland service model (WSM) to supporting wetland management. The framework was tested for management in Tram Chim National Park (with four wetland zones) where hydro-economic optimization was needed. The framework used (1) a model coupling process bridging WBM and WSM to create a modular hydro-economic model (MHEM), (2) a multi-objective optimization, and (3) an anneal scheduling for scenario optimization. The framework demonstrated its competency in identifying cause–effect/interaction flows (bridges) between WBM and WSM to design MHEM to simulate optimized scenarios; for the case study, the multi-objective optimization was met for all wetland zones. Results suggested a flexible consideration of management scales for optimization, i.e. hydrologic optimization at a zone level and net benefit optimization at a Park level. Our framework is applicable to supporting complex wetland decisions considering multiple objectives.     

智能技术辅助的市（县）国土空间规划编制研究

智慧社会的出现与发展影响着人地关系,而智能技术作为智慧社会崛起的主要动力与发展的重要支撑,正在改变着国土空间的保护、开发与治理模式,也对国土空间规划编制方法提出了新要求。当前规划编制中,智能技术在国土空间规划中的应用虽然已经有了一定的探索,在技术层面也有很多实践,但缺少对智能技术应用于国土空间规划的整体性思考。基于“生态文明”基础与“以人为本”的核心理念,在对传统规划编制与当前智能技术应用梳理的基础上,从智能感知与收集、智能分析与处理、智能评估和智能决策四个方面,系统地构建全流程的智能技术辅助国土空间规划编制的框架,以适应当前国土空间规划提出的新要求,辅助编制更合理、科学、智慧的方案。     

我国耕地的保护机制及其运行

针对我国耕地现状和目前在耕地保护中存在的问题，本文分析了制约我国耕地保护的各种因素，从政府决策和农户决策两个层面揭示了我国耕地的保护机制，勾画出了耕地保护机制的运行框架，为政府制定有关保护耕地的政策提供了可靠的依据．     

An integrative methodological framework for sustainable environmental planning and management

Sustainable environmental planning and management require effective integration of ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional elements. This paper presents an integrative methodological framework for sustainable environmental planning and management. The development of this integrative framework is accomplished by combining two complementary analytical approaches—Hufschmidt's conceptual framework for watershed planning and management and the ABC resource survey method. The combined methodological framework seeks to delineate and synthesize essential ecological information utilizing an integrative resource survey method. This method generates classifications of environmental significance and constraint. Areas of environmental significance and constraint are then linked to appropriate and acceptable resource management actions, implementation tools (e.g., education, technical assistance), and institutional and organizational arrangements. The integrative methodological framework was developed for application in the Rio Fortuna watershed in Costa Rica's Arenal Conservation Area. The watershed is characterized by a variety of land and resource uses, including biologically diverse and ecologically fragile protected areas, small-parcel agriculture, cattle ranching, and tourism.     

发展黄姜产业循环经济探讨

黄姜产业对产地社会经济意义重大,但其所带来的环境问题也非常严重,如何使该产业持续健康发展,循环经济是其根本出路。本文论述了黄姜产业走循环经济之路的必要性,提出了黄姜产业循环经济的基本框架和实现的保证措施。     

中国洪水灾后恢复重建行动与理论探讨

基于中国洪水灾后恢复重建的实践 ,总结了中国洪灾灾后恢复重建的结构体系 ,并依此讨论了洪水灾后恢复重建的若干理论和实践问题。文章指出 ,应明确洪水灾后恢复重建与备灾和防灾的关系 ,并提出了洪水灾后恢复重建的结构体系与程序。