应急监测水中N-甲基哌嗪的气相色谱法

采用气相色谱直接进样法测定了水中N-甲基哌嗪,在3min内完成整个分析过程。直接进水样经毛细管柱分离水中的N-甲基哌嗪,用GC/FID测定,以保留时间定性,峰高定量。在浓度范围为8.44～80.32mg/L时,相对标准偏差为1.8%～2.9%,标准偏差为0.19～1.5mg/L。样品加标回收率为81%。标准曲线的相关系数为0.9992。检出限为0.08mg/L。      

催化燃烧处理有机废气及催化剂中毒的防止

研究了在Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｃｅ多组分蜂窝状催化剂上乙醇、环己烷和苯的氧化性能及水蒸气对催化剂活性的影响,探讨了如何防止硫化氢和甲硫醇引起的催化剂中毒。     

淤泥优势菌对手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯的对映体选择性降解

考察了手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯(DCPPM)生物降解过程中的对映体选择性,通过驯化、培养分离了1株对其具有降解能力的菌株DP,并且运用手性毛细管气相色谱测定了DCPPM在降解过程中的对映体分数(EF),评价了DCPPM在水相中的对映体选择性生物降解.研究表明在菌株DP接种过的介质中,2个对映异构体均被迅速降解,但是R型DCPPM的逸散速度明显快于相对应的S型;EF值发生了显著的偏离,从一开始的0.5变化到最后的1.证实了该菌种对DCPPM的降解存在着对映体选择性.     

Experimental and DFT insights into nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes for effective desulfurization of liquid phases: Equilibrium & kinetic study

• Synthesis of NS-CNTS is used in a high desulfurization performance. • Synthesizing NS-CNT is considered as a novel adsorbent from low-cost precursors. • A high sulfur removal capacity for NS-CNT is attained compared with recent works. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes (NS-CNT) adsorbents were synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition technique at 1000°C by employing the camphor, urea and sulfur trioxide pyridine. In this study, desulfurization of two types of mercaptans (dibenzothiophene (DBT) and tertiary butyl mercaptan (TBM) as nonlinear and linear forms of mercaptan) was studied. In this regard, a maximum capacity of NS-CNT was obtained as 106.9 and 79.4 mg/g and also the removal efficiencies of 98.6% and 88.3% were achieved after 4 h at 298K and 0.9 g of NS-CNT for DBT and TBM, respectively. Characterization of the NS-CNTs was carried out through exploiting scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis (CHN). The isotherm equilibrium data could be ascribed to the Freundlich nonlinear regression form and the kinetic data was fitted by nonlinear form of the pseudo second order model. The negative values of ΔS⁰, ΔH⁰ and ΔG⁰ specify that the adsorption of both types of mercaptans was a natural exothermic process with a reduced entropy. Maintenance of more than 96% of the adsorption capacity even after nine cycles suggest the NS-CNT as a superior adsorbent for mercaptans removal in the industry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to peruse the effects of S/N co-doping and carbon monovacancy defects in CNTs toward the adsorption of DBT and TBM.     

等离子体降解水相中有机污染物的机理研究

研究了等离子体在内电极通氧条件下降解水相中甲基紫的机理。研究表明，甲基紫的降解率与等离子体的电压和处理时间呈线性关系、与甲基紫溶液的浓度呈指数关系，溶液的pH随着处理时间的增加而下降：100mg/L甲基紫经等离子体外理3s，其降解率可达95%以上，COD下降50%左右；在等离子体条件下，甲基紫溶液的降解是氧原子、电子、活性自由基和离子等共同的作用的结果。     

Mn~(2+)-WO_3-TiO_2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

溶胶-凝胶和浸渍相结合的方法制备Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化剂,进行甲基橙的光催化降解实验,考察WO3和Mn2+掺入量、焙烧温度及时间对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,500℃焙烧2h,掺杂量n(Mn2+)∶n(WO3)∶n(TiO2)=0.8∶1∶100时,光催化活性最高,光催化降解甲基橙溶液,120min后,降解率达84%,比单纯TiO2的光催化活性提高83%。     

平板构型太阳光催化反应系统中甲基橙降解脱色研究

利用太阳光作为光源，采用自制的非聚焦开放式平板构型光催化反应装置和二氧化钛悬浆体系，以甲基橙溶液光催化脱色为依据，考虑了不同催化剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、ＵＶ辐射强度及体系流量等因素条件下，反应系统的运行情况．实验结果表明，自制的平板式太阳光反应系统能够很好的利用太阳光，在较广泛的运行条件下均能达到较高的去污效果．本实验的最佳运行条件为：平均ＵＶ光照强度２６９３Ｗ／ｍ２的晴天，ＴｉＯ２催化剂投加量１ｇ／Ｌ，系统循环流量１６００Ｌ／ｈ，初始浓度为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的甲基橙溶液１５Ｌ，光照１ｈ色度去除率达８３６％以上，光照２ｈ达９７９％．     

嘧磺隆对农作物的毒性及残效危害研究

利用盆栽试验研究了不同质量浓度嘧磺隆对大白菜、小麦的毒性及其残效危害。结果表明，嘧磺隆对大白菜和小麦均可产生明显毒害症状，生物学指标明显劣于对照；嘧磺隆可降低大白菜和小麦叶绿素含量，并使叶片细胞膜和原生质遭到破坏，导致叶片浸出液电导率增大；当嘧磺隆质量浓度为0．01mg／L时，对大白菜的产量有品著影响，可使产量降低51．1％；嘧磺隆质量浓度大于0．1mg／L时，其残效对后茬作物有毒害作用，而质量浓度小于0．01mg／L时则没有明显影响；在小麦返青期用质量浓度大于0．01mg／L的嘧磺隆处理时，小麦受到不同程度的危害，当质量浓度增大到0．1mg／L时，小麦生物学产量则显著下降。     

甲基叔丁基醚降解菌的驯化与筛选

为了筛选降解甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的优势菌种,调查了不同来源土壤土著菌的降解潜力.应用不同的驯化方式以MTBE为惟一碳源,在好氧的条件下,驯化、筛选出高效降解混合菌株,为现场应用打好基础.并从中分离得到6株高降解性的单一菌株,对其进行了初步鉴定,为进一步研究其降解途径做好准备.对单一菌株与混合菌株的降解效果进行了比较.结果表明,混合菌株的降解效果要明显高于单一菌株.     

Persistence of methyl <Emphasis Type="Italic">tertiary</Emphasis> butyl ether (MTBE) against metabolism by Danish vegetation

BACKGROUND: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is the second most highly produced industrial chemical in the US and a frequent groundwater pollutant. At the same time, MTBE is quite persistent to biotic and abiotic decomposition. The goal of this study was to find plant species that could degrade MTBE and might be used in phytoremediation. METHODS: Excised roots and leaves (0.3 g) from more than 24 Danish plant species out of 15 families were kept in glass vessels with 25 ml spiked aqueous solution for 2 to 4 days. MTBE concentrations were 1 to 5 mg/L. Samples were taken directly from the solution with a needle and injected to a purge and trap unit. MTBE and the main metabolite, TBA, were measured by GC/FID. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Solutions with roots of poplar (Populus robusta) and a willow hybrid (Salix viminalis x schwerinii) produced TBA in trace amounts, probably stemming from bacteria. Significant MTBE reduction (> 10%) was not observed in any of the tests. Leaves from none of the species (trees, grasses and herbs) reduced the concentration of MTBE in the solution and no TBA, nor any other known metabolite of MTBE, was detected. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to find plants capable of efficiently degrading MTBE. This gives rise to the conclusion that plants probably cannot degrade MTBE at all, or only very slowly. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: For phytoremediation projects, this has, as consequence, that the volatilization by plants (except with genetically engineered plants) is the only relevant removal process for MTBE. For risk assessment of MTBE, degradation by the plant empire is not a relevant sink process.